Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-02-01T17:11:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 carlosalbertoalmendrasmontero.pdf: 861941 bytes, checksum: 5266d3e617b3a55680988de7de3b66d5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-02-01T20:14:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 carlosalbertoalmendrasmontero.pdf: 861941 bytes, checksum: 5266d3e617b3a55680988de7de3b66d5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-01T20:14:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 carlosalbertoalmendrasmontero.pdf: 861941 bytes, checksum: 5266d3e617b3a55680988de7de3b66d5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-25 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Neste trabalho, o objetivo é estudar a existência e unicidade da solução num sentido fraco para um problema não linear com valor na fronteira que é derivado de um modelo que decreve o equilibrio de um plasma confinado. Para esta finalidade se formula um problema equivalente e se estabelecem condições para este novo problema. Logo, utilizando a teoria da subdiferencial e fazendo um estudo de autovalor se consegue que este novo problema tenha solução e, além disso, seja única. / In this work, the objective is to study the existence and uniqueness of the solution in a weak sense of a nonlinear boundary value problem which it is derived from a model that describe the equilibrium of a confined plasma. For this purpose, we formulate an equivalent problem and establish conditions for this new problem. Therefore, using the theory of subdiferencial and studing an eigenvalue problem, we obtain that this new problem has a unique solution.

In der Finanzmathematik hat der Besitzer einer amerikanische Option das Recht aber nicht die Pflicht, eine Aktie innerhalb eines bestimmten Zeitraums, für einen bestimmten Preis zu kaufen oder zu verkaufen. Die Bewertung einer amerikanische Option wird als so genanntes optimale stopping Problem formuliert. Erfolgt die Modellierung des Aktienkurses durch eine geometrische Brownsche Bewegung, wird der Wert einer amerikanischen Option durch ein deterministisches freies Randwertproblem (FRWP), oder einer äquivalenten Variationsungleichung (VU) auf ganz R in gewichteten Sobolev Räumen gegeben. Um Standardmethoden der Numerischen Mathematik anzuwenden, wird das unbeschränkte Gebiet zu einem beschränkten Gebiet abgeschnitten. Mit Hilfe der Fourier-Transformation wird eine Integraldarstellung der Lösung die den freien Rand explizit beinhaltet, hergeleitet. Mittels dieser Integraldarstellung werden Abschneidefehlerschranken bewiesen. Danach werden gewichtete Poincare Ungleichungen mit expliziten Konstanten bewiesen. Der Abschneidefehler und die gewichtete Poincare Ungleichung ermöglichen, einen zuverlässigen a posteriori Fehlerschätzer zwischen der exakten Lösung der VU und der semidiskreten Lösung des penalisierten Problems auf R herzuleiten. Eine hinreichend glatte Lösung der VU garantiert die Konvergenz der Lösung des penaltisierten Problems zur Lösung der VU. Ein a priori Fehlerschätzer für den Fehler zwischen der exakten Lösung der VU und der semidiskreten Lösung des penaltisierten Problems beendet die numerische Analysis. Die eingeführten aposteriori Fehlerschätzer motivieren einen Algorithmus für adaptive Netzverfeinerung. Numerische Experimente zeigen die verbesserte Konvergenz des adaptiven Verfahrens gegenüber der uniformen Verfeinerung. Der zuverlässige a posteriori Fehlerschätzer ermöglicht es, den Abschneidepunkt so zu wählen, dass der Gesamtfehler (Diskretisierungsfehler plus Abschneidefehler) kleiner als eine gegebenen Toleranz ist. / Among the central concerns in mathematical finance is the evaluation of American options. An American option gives the holder the right but not the obligation to buy or sell a certain financial asset within a certain time-frame, for a certain strike price. The valuation of American options is formulated as an optimal stopping problem. If the stock price is modelled by a geometric Brownian motion, the value of an American option is given by a deterministic parabolic free boundary value problem (FBVP) or equivalently a non-symmetric variational inequality (VI) on weighted Sobolev spaces on R. To apply standard numerical methods, the unbounded domain R is truncated to a bounded one. Applying the Fourier transform to the FBVP yields an integral representation of the solution including the free boundary explicitely. This integral representation allows to prove explicit truncation errors. Since the VI is formulated within the framework of weighted Sobolev spaces, we establish a weighted Poincare inequality with explicit determined constants. The truncation error estimate and the weighted Poncare inequality enable a reliable a posteriori error estimate between the exact solution of the VI and the semi-discrete solution of the penalised problem on R. A sufficient regular solution provides the convergence of the solution of the penalised problem to the solution of the VI. An a priori error estimate for the error between the exact solution of the VI and the semi-discrete solution of the penalised problem concludes the numerical analysis. The established a posteriori error estimates motivates an algorithm for adaptive mesh refinement. Numerical experiments show the improved convergence of the adaptive algorithm compared to uniform mesh refinement. The reliable a posteriori error estimate including explicit truncation errors allows to determine a truncation point such that the total error (discretisation and truncation error) is below a given error tolerance.

In this thesis, we report recent results on existence for complementarity problems in infinite-dimensional spaces under generalized monotonicity are reported.

This thesis proposes equilibrium models to link the wholesale and retail electricity markets which allow for reconciliation of the differing time scales of responses of producers (e.g., hourly) and consumers (e.g., monthly) to changing prices. Electricity market equilibrium models with time of use (TOU) pricing scheme are formulated as large-scale variational inequality (VI) problems, a unified and concise approach for modeling the equilibrium. The demand response is dynamic in these models through a dependence on the lagged demand. Different market structures are examined within this context. With an illustrative example, the welfare gains/losses are analyzed after an implementation of TOU pricing scheme over the single pricing scheme. An approximation of the welfare change for this analysis is also presented. Moreover, break-up of a large supplier into smaller parts is investigated. For the illustrative examples presented in the dissertation, overall welfare gains for consumers and lower prices closer to the levels of perfect competition can be realized when the retail pricing scheme is changed from single pricing to TOU pricing. These models can be useful policy tools for regulatory bodies i) to forecast future retail prices (TOU or single prices), ii) to examine the market power exerted by suppliers and iii) to measure welfare gains/losses with different retail pricing schemes (e.g., single versus TOU pricing). With the inclusion of linearized DC network constraints into these models, the problem size grows considerably. Dantzig-Wolfe (DW) decomposition algorithm for VI problems is used to alleviate the computational burden and it also facilitates model management and maintenance. Modification of the DW decomposition algorithm and approximation of the DW master problem significantly improve the computational effort required to find the equilibrium. These algorithms are applied to a two-region energy model for Canada and a realistic Ontario electricity test system. In addition to empirical analysis, theoretical results for the convergence properties of the master problem approximation are presented for DW decomposition of VI problems.

Consider the variational inequality (VI) x* ∈C, ‹Fx*, x - x* ›≥0, x∈C (*) where C is a nonempty closed convex subset of a real Hilbert space H and F : C¡÷ H is a monotone operator form C into H. It is known that if F is strongly monotone and Lipschitzian, then VI (*) is equivalently turned into a fixed point problem of a contraction; hence Banach's contraction principle applies. However, in the case where F is inverse strongly monotone, VI (*) is equivalently transformed into a fixed point problem of a nonexpansive mapping. The purpose of this paper is to present some results which apply iterative methods for nonexpansive mappings to solve VI (*). We introduce Mann's algorithm and Halpern's algorithm and prove that the sequences generated by these algorithms converge weakly and respectively, strongly to a solution of VI (*), under appropriate conditions imposed on the parameter sequences in the algorithms.

This thesis proposes equilibrium models to link the wholesale and retail electricity markets which allow for reconciliation of the differing time scales of responses of producers (e.g., hourly) and consumers (e.g., monthly) to changing prices. Electricity market equilibrium models with time of use (TOU) pricing scheme are formulated as large-scale variational inequality (VI) problems, a unified and concise approach for modeling the equilibrium. The demand response is dynamic in these models through a dependence on the lagged demand. Different market structures are examined within this context. With an illustrative example, the welfare gains/losses are analyzed after an implementation of TOU pricing scheme over the single pricing scheme. An approximation of the welfare change for this analysis is also presented. Moreover, break-up of a large supplier into smaller parts is investigated. For the illustrative examples presented in the dissertation, overall welfare gains for consumers and lower prices closer to the levels of perfect competition can be realized when the retail pricing scheme is changed from single pricing to TOU pricing. These models can be useful policy tools for regulatory bodies i) to forecast future retail prices (TOU or single prices), ii) to examine the market power exerted by suppliers and iii) to measure welfare gains/losses with different retail pricing schemes (e.g., single versus TOU pricing). With the inclusion of linearized DC network constraints into these models, the problem size grows considerably. Dantzig-Wolfe (DW) decomposition algorithm for VI problems is used to alleviate the computational burden and it also facilitates model management and maintenance. Modification of the DW decomposition algorithm and approximation of the DW master problem significantly improve the computational effort required to find the equilibrium. These algorithms are applied to a two-region energy model for Canada and a realistic Ontario electricity test system. In addition to empirical analysis, theoretical results for the convergence properties of the master problem approximation are presented for DW decomposition of VI problems.

The dissertation suggests a generalized version of Tikhonov regularization and analyzes its properties. The focus is on convergence rates theory and an extensive example for regularization with Poisson distributed data is given.

Cette thèse est consacrée, d'une part, à l'étude d'existence de solutions pour des problèmes d'évolution et, d'autre part, à la stabilité de la propriété de prox-régularité ensembliste. Nous étudions dans la première partie des processus de rafle de Moreau perturbés et discontinu du premier et du second ordre. L'ensemble mouvant est prox-régulier dans un espace de Hilbert réel quelconque et sa variation est contrôlé par une mesure de Radon. Des applications à la théorie de la complémentarité et à celle des inéquations variationnelles sont présentées. Dans la seconde partie, on donne des conditions suffisantes assurant la prox-régularité d'ensembles décrit par des contraintes non nécessairement lisses sous forme d'inégalités et/ ou d'égalités et plus généralement d'ensembles de solutions d'équations généralisées. On y développe également des conditions vérifiables assurant la préservation de la prox-régularité vis-à-vis d'opérations ensemblistes : les cas de l'intersection, d'image directe, de pré-image, d'union et projection sur un sous-espace sont considérés. / In this dissertation, we study, on the one hand, the existence of solutions for some evolution problems and, on the other hand, the stability of prox-regularity under set operations. The first topic is devoted to first and second order nonconvex perturberd Moreau's sweeping processes in infinite dimensional framework. The moving set is assumed to be prox-regular and moved in a bounded variation way. Applications to the theory of complementarity problems and evolution variational inequalities are given. In the other topic, we first give verifiable sufficient conditions ensuring the prox-regularity of constrained sets and more generally for solution sets of generalized equations. We also develop the preservation of prox-regularity under set operations as intersection, direct image, inverse image, union and projection along a vector space.

The dissertation suggests a generalized version of Tikhonov regularization and analyzes its properties. The focus is on convergence rates theory and an extensive example for regularization with Poisson distributed data is given.

Les problèmes de contrôle optimal se rencontrent dans l'industrie aérospatiale et dans la mécanique. Leur étude conduit à des difficultés mathématiques importantes. Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéressons aux conditions d'optimalité pour certains problèmes de contrôle avec des contraintes exprimées en termes d'inclusions différentielles. Nous considérons aussi des problèmes de contrôle associés aux modèles mathématiques issus de la Mécanique du Contact. Cette thèse est structurée en deux parties et six chapitres. La première partie, contenant les Chapitres 1, 2 et 3, représente un résumé de nos résultats, en Français. Nous y présentons les problèmes étudiés, les hypothèses sur les données, les notations utilisées ainsi que l’énoncé des principaux résultats. Les démonstrations sont omises. La deuxième partie du manuscrit représente la partie principale de la thèse. Elle contient les Chapitres 4, 5 and 6, chacun ayant fait l'objet d'une publication (parue ou soumise) dans une revue internationale avec comité de lecture.Nous y présentons nos principaux résultats, accompagnés des démonstrations et des références bibliographiques. / Optimal control problems arise in aerospace industry and in mechanics. They are challenging and involve important mathematical difficulties. In this thesis, we are interested to derive optimality conditions for optimal control problems with constraints under the form of differential inclusions. We also consider optimal control problems in the study of some boundary value problems arising in Contact Mechanics. The thesis is structured in two parts and six chapters. Part I represents an abstract of the main results, in French. It contains Chapters 1, 2 and 3. Here we present the problems we study together with the assumptions on the data, the notation and the statement of the main results. The proofs of these results are omitted, since them are presented in Part II of the manuscript.Part II represents the main part of the thesis. It contains Chapters 4, 5 and 6. Each of these chapters made the object of a paper published (or submitted) in an international journal. Here we present our main results, together with the corresponding proofs and bibliographical references.