mechanical ventilation an inseparable part of almost all surgery, where is anesthesia used. The introductory chapters of this thesis are focus on a teoretical familiarization with the complex issue with artificial lung ventilation. In additional to the history of artificial lung ventilation, chapters included familiarization with anatomy and physiology of lungs, associated with this defined volume of lungs and itself pulmonary ventilation. In the practical part I deal with design of ventilator for used it on laboratory animals.