This diploma thesis is aimed at the most widespread virus pathogens on faba bean (Vicia faba). The first part deals with the most frequent viruses, but with faba bean management also. Faba bean plants were tested for occurrence of several viruses in experimental part. The most widespread was Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV), Pea seed-borne mosaic virus (PSbMV) and Pea enation mosaic virus ( PEMV) were determined, also.

Memoria para optar al título profesional de Ingeniero Agrónomo Mención Fitotecnia / Las enfermedades crónicas constituyen la primera causa de muerte en Chile y la evidencia actual demuestra que este tipo de patologías está asociada a daño de tipo oxidativo. Por ello, los compuestos antioxidantes han tomado un papel primordial en nuestra alimentación. El presente estudio se efectuó con el objeto de evaluar la composición y concentración de compuestos antioxidantes presentes en tres cultivares de haba (Vicia faba L.) para consumo hortícola y determinar, en función de la humedad del grano, la variación en la concentración y composición de estos compuestos en tres estados de humedad. Para ello, se realizó un ensayo entre Junio y Diciembre del año 2010 en la Estación Experimental Antumapu, el cual contó con nueve tratamientos, que contemplaron la evaluación de tres cultivares de habas (Luz de Otoño, Verde Bonita y Aguadulce) cosechadas en tres estados de madurez de los granos (medidos en función del porcentaje de humedad). Al alcanzar la humedad requerida en los granos, según el tratamiento, se evaluaron los sólidos solubles, color de la testa, taninos totales y fenoles de bajo peso molecular. Los resultados obtenidos fueron sometidos a un análisis de varianza (ANDEVA) y en aquellos casos en que se obtuvo diferencias significativas, se realizó una prueba de comparación múltiple de Tukey. De acuerdo a los principales resultados se puede señalar que el contenido de sólidos solubles aumentó a medida que disminuyó la humedad en los granos de los tres cultivares evaluados, obteniendo el cultivar Aguadulce (10,2 ºBrix) el mayor contenido durante el estado de menor humedad. Respecto a los parámetros de color a*, b*, C* y hº en los cultivares Verde Bonita y Aguadulce no presentaron cambios a medida que disminuyó la humedad, en cambio en el cultivar Luz de Otoño los granos se volvieron menos verdes y más opacos. La concentración de taninos totales fue diferente para cada cultivar y cada estado de humedad del grano, destacándose el cultivar Verde Bonita entre los 74-65% de humedad que presentó la mayor concentración en mg L-1 de (-)-epicatequina. Los tres cultivares de haba evaluados presentaron compuestos fenólicos de bajo peso molecular, existiendo diferencias entre cultivares solo a nivel de concentración, dado que la composición fue la misma. Además se observó un descenso de estos compuestos a medida que disminuyó la humedad de los granos. / Chronic diseases are the main cause of death in Chile, and the actual evidence shows that this type of pathologies are associated with oxidative damage, for this reason the antioxidant compounds have an important role in our diet. This study was performed with the purpose to evaluate the composition and concentration of antioxidant compounds presents in three cultivars of Faba bean (Vicia faba L.), “Luz de Otoño”, “Aguadulce” y “Verde Bonita” for horticultural consumption, and to determine, depending on the moisture of the grain, the variation in concentration and composition of low molecular weight phenols and tannins, for three maturity stages. The assay was conducted between June and December of 2010 in “Antumapu” Experimental Station, which consisted of nine treatments, that contemplated the evaluation of three cultivars of beans harvested in three stages of maturity of the grains (measured depending on the percentage of moisture). When required moisture level in grains was reached, according to the treatment, soluble solids, color of the grain, total tannins and low molecular weight phenols were evaluated. Results were analyzed with analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Tukey’s multiple range test was used to establish differences among treatments. It is possible to indicate that the soluble solids content increases as the moisture level in grains decreases in the three cultivars evaluated and the cultivar “Aguadulce” obtained the highest content (10.2 ºBrix), in the state of lower moisture. The color parameters a*, b*, C* and hº in cultivars “Verde Bonita” and “Aguadulce” had no change as moisture level decreased, whereas in “Luz de Otoño” grains became less green and more opaque. Total concentration of tannins was different for each cultivar and each grain moisture level, highlighting “Verde Bonita” between 74-65% humidity, which presented the highest concentration of (-)-epicatechin expressed in mg L-1. The three faba bean cultivars evaluated presented low molecular weight phenolic compounds, showing differences between cultivars only in terms of concentration, and not in composition. A decrease of these compounds was observed as grain moisture decreased.

<p> Experiments described in this study were carried out 1n order to (a) extend previous studies on the analysis of the response to 5-aminoura.cil to small primordia and primary roots of Vicia faba and (b) to determine whether treatment with deoxynucleos1des would alter the cell's response to 5-aminouracil , either in DNA synthesis or at the S -G2 transition block. </p> <p> The present study reveals that the population heterogeneity, which was found to exist in lateral roots, just emerged roots, very large primordia, and large primordia, is also present in primary roots and small primordia: also, that the ratio of fast cycling cells to slow cycling cells remains constant throughout root development. </p> <p> All root meristems of V. faba exhibited the same general pattern of recovery after exposure to 5-aminouracil, i.e. the initial drop in mitotic index was followed by an increase to a value above controls. Variations between the different developmental stages were seen in (a) the time of onset of recovery, (b) the time of the appearance of the peak of mitoses, and (c) the degree of synchronization of recovery. </p> <p> Data from post-5-aminouracil nucleoside treatments revealed that the nucleosides were unable to produce a reversal of the 5-aminouracil-induced block at the S -G2 transition, but were able to increase the rate of DNA synthesis and thus alter one of the effects of 5-aminouracil on cell cycle kinetics. </p> / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

L’aptitude des symbioses rhizobium-légumineuses à fixer l’azote atmosphérique, peut offrir d’importants services aux agro-écosystèmes. Cependant, associés à des contraintes biotiques (i) absence et/ou (ii) inefficacité symbiotique des rhizobiums du sol, des facteurs abiotiques (i) excès d’intrants azotés et/ou (ii) carences en phosphore (P) peuvent limiter la fixation symbiotique d’azote (FSN). Le Myo-inositol hexakisphosphate (phytate), principale composante de P organique (Po) du sol, représente une potentielle source de P disponible du sol, bio-disponible pour la plante, en lien à des activités phytases microbiennes, minéralisatrices du phytate. Afin de rechercher des rhizobiums, symbiontes de Vicia faba, efficaces dans l’utilisation du P (EUP) pour la FSN, nous avons réalisé un diagnostic nodulaire multilocalisé, en agro-écosystèmes sud de France. Le niveau d’efficacité d’utilisation de la symbiose rhizobienne (EUSR), en intra- et inter-placettes agricoles et en conditions hydroaéroponiques en serre, a été déterminé en corrélation des biomasses aériennes et nodulaires de plants de V. faba, à floraison. Parmi 59 isolats de V. faba, 26 sont aptes à minéraliser le phytate (Phy +), en milieu solide et six d'entre eux confirment une activité phytase, en culture liquide. L’intérêt d’une sélection de rhizobiums locaux aptes à une EUP pour FSN, nous a conduits à une avancée dans la sélection de marqueurs moléculaires phytases pour le criblage d’isolats rhizobiens Phy+. Mots ClésRhizobium, diversité, phytase, féverole, Vicia faba, nodulation, France-sud, agro-écosystème. / The ability of rhizobium-legume symbiosis to fix atmospheric nitrogen can provide important services to agro-ecosystems. However, associated with biotic constraints (i) missing and/or (ii) phosphorus (P) deficiency, can limit symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF). Myo-inositol hexakisphosphate (phytate), the main soil organic P (Po) component, represents a potential source of soil P available for plant P bio-availability, connected with microbial phytate-mineralizing activities. In order to look for rhizobium-Vicia faba, in P use efficiency (PUE) for SNF ability, nodular diagnosis was performed from a multi-location survey in an agro-ecosystem in South France. The efficiency in use of rhizobial symbiosis (EURS) was deduced from V. faba nodule and shoot dry weight values at flowering state, and compared in intra- and inter agricultural fields and in greenhouse hydroaeroponic conditions. Among 59 V. faba isolates, 26 were able to mineralize phytate (Phy+) in solid medium and six of them confirmed phytase activity in liquid culture. Looking for local rhizobiums with PUE for SNF ability, led us to a forward step in molecular marker selection for Phy+ rhizobium isolate screening. KeywordsRhizobium, diversity, phytase, faba-bean, Vicia faba, nodulation, South-France, agro-ecosystem.

Vicia villosa foi relacionada a intoxicações em bovinos e causa uma doença granulomatosa sistêmica caracterizada por lesões de pele e múltiplos nódulos esbranquiçados em vários órgãos. Nesse trabalho realizou-se a intoxicação experimental por sementes e folhas de V. villosa em coelhos e bovinos. Os coelhos que receberam 5g/kg de sementes de ervilhaca apresentaram lesões descamativas e crostosas nas orelhas e evidenciação dos tecidos linfóides do intestino. Os coelhos intoxicados por folhas de ervilhaca e que receberam a aplicação para o teste de hipersensibilidade apresentaram evidenciação dos tecidos linfoides do intestino que corresponderam na histologia a infiltrado de histiócitos, linfócitos e células gigantes multinucleadas. O bovino alimentado com sementes de ervilhaca (5g/kg) não apresentou a doença clínica. Na intoxicação experimental por folhas de V. villosa, o bovino não apresentou sinais clínicos, porém houve aumento nodular dos linfonodos que, na histologia, demonstravam infiltrado granulomatoso. Cinco casos de intoxicações naturais por V. villosa foram diagnosticados no Setor de Patologia Veterinária da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (SPV-UFRGS) no período de 2005 a 2010. As principais alterações macroscópicas observadas foram lesões alopécicas e crostosas de pele e múltiplos nódulos branco-acinzentados principalmente localizados nos linfonodos, rins e coração. Na histologia dos animais intoxicados visualizava-se macrófagos, linfócitos, células epitelioides e células gigantes multinucleadas, plasmócitos e eosinófilos. A intensidade do infiltrado granulomatoso variou entre os cinco casos analisados e entre os órgãos de cada animal. Os testes imuno-histoquímicos caracterizaram os infiltrados, que foram constituídos principalmente por linfócitos T e macrófagos. Os resultados dos testes de hipersensibilidade cutânea em bovinos com extratos protéicos da planta sugerem que os animais com a doença clínica apresentam uma resposta de hipersensibilidade tardia enquanto que os demais animais modulam a resposta imune diferentemente. / Vicia villosa was associated with poisoning in cattle, causing a systemic granulomatous disease. Hairy vetch poisoning is characterized by skin lesions and multiple whitish nodules in several organs. This work reports experimental poisoning by seeds and leaves of V. villosa in rabbits and cattle and the spontaneous poisoning by V. villosa in cattle is described. Rabbits received 5g/kg of seeds of hairy vetch and presented scaly, crusted lesions in ear and enlargement lymphoid tissue of intestine. Rabbits poisoned by hairy vetch leaves that were tested for cutaneous hypersensitivity showed enlargement of intestine lymphoid tissue. The histologic feature of this, lesion consisted of granulomatous inflammation. Cattle fed with seeds of hairy vetch (5g/kg) did not have clinical disease. Experimental poisoning by leaves of V. villosa in cattle did not present clinical signs; however, nodules in lymph nodes were observed. Histologically, infiltration of macrophages, lymphocytes and multinucleated giant cells were observed. Five cases of poisoning by V. villosa in cattle were diagnosed at Setor de Patologia Veterinária of Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (SPV-UFRGS) in the 2005 to 2010 period. Gross lesions were alopecia, skin crusts and multiple nodules mainly located in lymph nodes, kidneys and heart. Microscopically, infiltration of lymphocytes, macrophages, multinucleated giant cells, plasma cells and eosinophils were observed. Intensity of granulomatous infiltration varied among the five cattle and between analyzed organs. The inflammatory infiltration was characterized by immunohistochemistry. It was mainly composed of lymphocytes T and macrophages. Cutaneous hypersensitivity tests with hairy vetch proteins suggest that cattle with clinic disease have type-IV hypersensitivity reaction while others show different immune response.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2018-01-24T19:09:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Luciane Orbem Veronezi.pdf: 3213369 bytes, checksum: 660b54c56b80e667f1e30d110c395df3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-24T19:09:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Luciane Orbem Veronezi.pdf: 3213369 bytes, checksum: 660b54c56b80e667f1e30d110c395df3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-27 / CAPES / In this study the epidemiology, clinical signs, macroscopic and microscopic lesions related to spontaneous and experimental intoxication by Vicia villosa and the evaluation of the possible toxicity of Vicia villosa in cattle were characterized. The systematic granulomatous disease (SGD associated with vetch) was verified in 7 localities distributed in Paran?, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul States, with main feed that includes oats and/or ryegrass in association and V. villosa and/or ryegrass associated with Vicia sativa, and in lower quantity. All cattle that developed the disease were cows, lactating and Dutch. The SGD associated with vetch was reproduced in six lactating Dutch cows, by supplying green V. villosa in the trough and V. villosa and ryegrass pasture. In the other experimental groups (group 3, V. villosa / V. sativa/cows, grazing; group 4, V. sativa/cows, grazing; group 5, V. villosa/V. sativa/heifers and group 6, V. villosa/heifers, grazing) do not verified clinical and pathological alterations related to the SGD associated with vetch. Six cows developed the SGD, one cow presented a leigh clinical condition (group 2/cow 6/V. villosa, pasture), four cows developed a moderated clinical condition (group 1, cows 1 and 2/V. villosa/trough and group 2, cows 4 and 5/V. villosa, grazing), and just one cow presented a severe clinical condition (group 2, cow 3/V. villosa/pasture. V. villosa was toxic to cattle and produced a chronic granulomatous disease when ingested in amounts greater than 38.2 g/kg/day for 71 days, or in direct grazing for a period of more than 28 days The main clinical signs consisted of alopecia and cutaneous crusts, pruritus, fever, conjunctivitis, diarrhea, reduction of milk production and weight loss. Macroscopically, multiple white-grayish nodules were observed, specifically in the lymph nodes, kidneys and heart, and histology revealed a granulomatous infiltrate composed of macrophages, lymphocytes, giant cells, epithelioid cells, plasma cells and eosinophils. When ingested by young cattle, the V. villosa pasture, for a period of 68 days, do not produce clinical modifications. When ingested by cows with high milk yield, the V. sativa pasture, for a period of 78 days, does not produce chronic granulomatous disease. Ingestion of V. villosa for a long time led to low production rates, such as low milk production, low reproduction rates and predisposition to infection diseases. In the bromatological analysis, the presence of phytate, in low levels, in the samples of Vicia used in experimental works, in different phases of the culture was determined. The biochemical blood and feces results showing lower amounts of serum sinc and loss of Ca and Zn feces in animals poisoned by V. villosa, that developed granulomatous disease in severe and moderate conditions, possibly indicated the presence of a metabolic disorder in the pathogen of the disease. / No presente estudo caracterizou-se a epidemiologia, os sinais cl?nicos, as les?es macrosc?picas e microsc?picas da intoxica??o espont?nea e experimental por Vicia villosa, bem como a avalia??o da poss?vel toxicidade de Vicia sativa em bovinos. A doen?a granulomatosa sist?mica (DGS ervilhaca-associada) foi verificada em 7 propriedades distribu?das nos Estados de Santa Catarina, Paran? e Rio Grande do Sul, onde a alimenta??o principal era aveia e/ou azev?m consorciados com V. villosa e/ou de azev?m consorciado com V. villosa e em menor quantidade V. sativa. Todos os bovinos que desenvolveram a doen?a eram vacas, em lacta??o e da ra?a Holand?s. A DGS ervilhaca-associada foi reproduzida em seis vacas holandesas em lacta??o, atrav?s do fornecimento de V. villosa verde no cocho e em pastagens de V. villosa e azev?m. Nos demais grupos experimentais (grupo 3, V. villosa/V. sativa/vacas, pastejo; grupo 4, V. sativa/vacas, pastejo; grupo 5, V. villosa/V. sativa/novilhas e grupo 6, V. villosa/novilhas, pastejo) n?o verificou-se altera??es cl?nicas e patol?gicas relacionadas a DGS ervilhaca-associada. Das seis vacas que desenvolveram a doen?a granulomatosa sist?mica, uma vaca apresentou quadro cl?nico leve (grupo 2/vaca 6/V.villosa, pastejo), quatro vacas desenvolveram o quadro moderado da doen?a (grupo 1, vacas 1 e 2/V. villosa/cocho e grupo 2, vacas 4 e 5/V.villosa/pastejo) e apenas em uma vaca verificou-se o quadro grave da doen?a (grupo 2, vaca 3/V.villosa/pastejo). V. villosa foi t?xica para bovinos, produzindo doen?a granulomatosa cr?nica quando ingerida em quantidades superiores a 38,2g/kg/dia, por um per?odo de 71 ou, em pastoreio direto por um per?odo superior a 28 dias. As principais manifesta??es cl?nicas consistiam em ?reas de alopecia e crostas na pele, coceira, febre, conjuntivite, diarreia, queda na produ??o de leite e perda de peso. Macroscopicamente verificaram-se m?ltiplos n?dulos branco-acinzentados principalmente em linfonodos, rins e cora??o, e na histologia estes caracterizavam um infiltrado granulomatoso composto por macr?fagos, linf?citos, c?lulas gigantes, c?lulas epitelioides, plasm?citos e eosin?filos. As pastagens de V. villosa quando ingerida por bovinos jovens, por um per?odo 68 dias n?o produziu altera??es cl?nicas. As pastagens de V. sativa quando ingerida por vacas de alta produ??o leiteira por um per?odo de 76 dias n?o produziu doen?a granulomatosa cr?nica. A ingest?o de V. villosa por per?odos prolongados conduziu a baixos ?ndices produtivos como: baixa produ??o leiteira, baixos ?ndices reprodutivos e pode predispor o surgimento de doen?as infeciosas. Na an?lise bromatol?gica determinou-se a presen?a de fitato, em pequenas quantidades, nas amostras de Vicia utilizadas na experimenta??o, em diferentes fases do seu crescimento. Os resultados das an?lises bioqu?micas de amostras de sangue e fezes evidenciaram baixas quantidades s?ricas de zinco e excessivas perdas fecais de Ca e Zn nos animais intoxicados por V. villosa que desenvolveram a doen?a granulomatosa na forma moderada e grave, indicando um poss?vel envolvimento de dist?rbios de ordem metab?lica na patogenia da doen?a.

Vicia villosa foi relacionada a intoxicações em bovinos e causa uma doença granulomatosa sistêmica caracterizada por lesões de pele e múltiplos nódulos esbranquiçados em vários órgãos. Nesse trabalho realizou-se a intoxicação experimental por sementes e folhas de V. villosa em coelhos e bovinos. Os coelhos que receberam 5g/kg de sementes de ervilhaca apresentaram lesões descamativas e crostosas nas orelhas e evidenciação dos tecidos linfóides do intestino. Os coelhos intoxicados por folhas de ervilhaca e que receberam a aplicação para o teste de hipersensibilidade apresentaram evidenciação dos tecidos linfoides do intestino que corresponderam na histologia a infiltrado de histiócitos, linfócitos e células gigantes multinucleadas. O bovino alimentado com sementes de ervilhaca (5g/kg) não apresentou a doença clínica. Na intoxicação experimental por folhas de V. villosa, o bovino não apresentou sinais clínicos, porém houve aumento nodular dos linfonodos que, na histologia, demonstravam infiltrado granulomatoso. Cinco casos de intoxicações naturais por V. villosa foram diagnosticados no Setor de Patologia Veterinária da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (SPV-UFRGS) no período de 2005 a 2010. As principais alterações macroscópicas observadas foram lesões alopécicas e crostosas de pele e múltiplos nódulos branco-acinzentados principalmente localizados nos linfonodos, rins e coração. Na histologia dos animais intoxicados visualizava-se macrófagos, linfócitos, células epitelioides e células gigantes multinucleadas, plasmócitos e eosinófilos. A intensidade do infiltrado granulomatoso variou entre os cinco casos analisados e entre os órgãos de cada animal. Os testes imuno-histoquímicos caracterizaram os infiltrados, que foram constituídos principalmente por linfócitos T e macrófagos. Os resultados dos testes de hipersensibilidade cutânea em bovinos com extratos protéicos da planta sugerem que os animais com a doença clínica apresentam uma resposta de hipersensibilidade tardia enquanto que os demais animais modulam a resposta imune diferentemente. / Vicia villosa was associated with poisoning in cattle, causing a systemic granulomatous disease. Hairy vetch poisoning is characterized by skin lesions and multiple whitish nodules in several organs. This work reports experimental poisoning by seeds and leaves of V. villosa in rabbits and cattle and the spontaneous poisoning by V. villosa in cattle is described. Rabbits received 5g/kg of seeds of hairy vetch and presented scaly, crusted lesions in ear and enlargement lymphoid tissue of intestine. Rabbits poisoned by hairy vetch leaves that were tested for cutaneous hypersensitivity showed enlargement of intestine lymphoid tissue. The histologic feature of this, lesion consisted of granulomatous inflammation. Cattle fed with seeds of hairy vetch (5g/kg) did not have clinical disease. Experimental poisoning by leaves of V. villosa in cattle did not present clinical signs; however, nodules in lymph nodes were observed. Histologically, infiltration of macrophages, lymphocytes and multinucleated giant cells were observed. Five cases of poisoning by V. villosa in cattle were diagnosed at Setor de Patologia Veterinária of Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (SPV-UFRGS) in the 2005 to 2010 period. Gross lesions were alopecia, skin crusts and multiple nodules mainly located in lymph nodes, kidneys and heart. Microscopically, infiltration of lymphocytes, macrophages, multinucleated giant cells, plasma cells and eosinophils were observed. Intensity of granulomatous infiltration varied among the five cattle and between analyzed organs. The inflammatory infiltration was characterized by immunohistochemistry. It was mainly composed of lymphocytes T and macrophages. Cutaneous hypersensitivity tests with hairy vetch proteins suggest that cattle with clinic disease have type-IV hypersensitivity reaction while others show different immune response.

Vicia villosa foi relacionada a intoxicações em bovinos e causa uma doença granulomatosa sistêmica caracterizada por lesões de pele e múltiplos nódulos esbranquiçados em vários órgãos. Nesse trabalho realizou-se a intoxicação experimental por sementes e folhas de V. villosa em coelhos e bovinos. Os coelhos que receberam 5g/kg de sementes de ervilhaca apresentaram lesões descamativas e crostosas nas orelhas e evidenciação dos tecidos linfóides do intestino. Os coelhos intoxicados por folhas de ervilhaca e que receberam a aplicação para o teste de hipersensibilidade apresentaram evidenciação dos tecidos linfoides do intestino que corresponderam na histologia a infiltrado de histiócitos, linfócitos e células gigantes multinucleadas. O bovino alimentado com sementes de ervilhaca (5g/kg) não apresentou a doença clínica. Na intoxicação experimental por folhas de V. villosa, o bovino não apresentou sinais clínicos, porém houve aumento nodular dos linfonodos que, na histologia, demonstravam infiltrado granulomatoso. Cinco casos de intoxicações naturais por V. villosa foram diagnosticados no Setor de Patologia Veterinária da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (SPV-UFRGS) no período de 2005 a 2010. As principais alterações macroscópicas observadas foram lesões alopécicas e crostosas de pele e múltiplos nódulos branco-acinzentados principalmente localizados nos linfonodos, rins e coração. Na histologia dos animais intoxicados visualizava-se macrófagos, linfócitos, células epitelioides e células gigantes multinucleadas, plasmócitos e eosinófilos. A intensidade do infiltrado granulomatoso variou entre os cinco casos analisados e entre os órgãos de cada animal. Os testes imuno-histoquímicos caracterizaram os infiltrados, que foram constituídos principalmente por linfócitos T e macrófagos. Os resultados dos testes de hipersensibilidade cutânea em bovinos com extratos protéicos da planta sugerem que os animais com a doença clínica apresentam uma resposta de hipersensibilidade tardia enquanto que os demais animais modulam a resposta imune diferentemente. / Vicia villosa was associated with poisoning in cattle, causing a systemic granulomatous disease. Hairy vetch poisoning is characterized by skin lesions and multiple whitish nodules in several organs. This work reports experimental poisoning by seeds and leaves of V. villosa in rabbits and cattle and the spontaneous poisoning by V. villosa in cattle is described. Rabbits received 5g/kg of seeds of hairy vetch and presented scaly, crusted lesions in ear and enlargement lymphoid tissue of intestine. Rabbits poisoned by hairy vetch leaves that were tested for cutaneous hypersensitivity showed enlargement of intestine lymphoid tissue. The histologic feature of this, lesion consisted of granulomatous inflammation. Cattle fed with seeds of hairy vetch (5g/kg) did not have clinical disease. Experimental poisoning by leaves of V. villosa in cattle did not present clinical signs; however, nodules in lymph nodes were observed. Histologically, infiltration of macrophages, lymphocytes and multinucleated giant cells were observed. Five cases of poisoning by V. villosa in cattle were diagnosed at Setor de Patologia Veterinária of Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (SPV-UFRGS) in the 2005 to 2010 period. Gross lesions were alopecia, skin crusts and multiple nodules mainly located in lymph nodes, kidneys and heart. Microscopically, infiltration of lymphocytes, macrophages, multinucleated giant cells, plasma cells and eosinophils were observed. Intensity of granulomatous infiltration varied among the five cattle and between analyzed organs. The inflammatory infiltration was characterized by immunohistochemistry. It was mainly composed of lymphocytes T and macrophages. Cutaneous hypersensitivity tests with hairy vetch proteins suggest that cattle with clinic disease have type-IV hypersensitivity reaction while others show different immune response.

Memoria para optar al título profesional de: Ingeniera Agrónoma / El cultivo de haba (Vicia faba L.) en Chile se limita al uso de cultivares de hábito de crecimiento indeterminado, existiendo una gran desuniformidad en la madurez de vainas y granos. La introducción de cultivares de hábito de crecimiento determinado al país, con el fin de concentrar la cosecha de vainas y granos, y permitir la recolección mecánica de las mismas, debe ir acompañada de cambios en el manejo agronómico del cultivo, entre ellos, la densidad de plantas. Para ello se realizó un ensayo en el campo experimental Antumapu, Región Metropolitana, donde se evaluó el efecto de la densidad sobre el rendimiento de vainas y granos, y la calidad de las vainas producidas (largo y ancho). Además, se evaluó si la densidad incidió sobre la altura de planta, número de ramas totales, productivas e improductivas por planta y la altura de inserción de la primera vaina comercial. El ensayo se estableció bajo un diseño experimental de bloques completos al azar con estructura factorial de tratamientos, utilizando 3 cultivares (2 determinados y 1 indeterminado) y 3 densidades (16, 25 y 50 plantas m-2).

Memoria para optar al Título Profesional de: Ingeniera Agrónoma. Mención: Fitotecnia / En haba (Vicia faba L.) los requerimientos de nitrógeno pueden ser cubiertos, en parte, por la fijación biológica a través de la bacteria Rhizobium leguminosarum sv. viceae. La cantidad de nitrógeno fijado está determinada, entre otros factores, por el contenido de nitrógeno disponible en el suelo y las condiciones en las cuales está creciendo el cultivo, puesto que frente a cualquier estrés se reduce la fijación. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto de la fertilización nitrogenada e inoculación con Rhizobium, sobre el crecimiento y rendimiento de dos cultivares de haba de crecimiento determinado, establecidos en dos fechas de siembra. Para ello, en la localidad de Talagante se realizaron dos ensayos independientes (uno para cada fecha de siembra), cada fecha de siembra contó con seis tratamientos con arreglo factorial, los cuales correspondieron a la evaluación de los cultivares Retaca y Verde Bonita, cuyas plantas presentan hábito de crecimiento determinado, y tres fuentes de nitrógeno: inoculación de las semillas, aplicación de nitrógeno y un testigo sin inocular y sin nitrógeno. Los tratamientos se dispusieron en un diseño de bloques completos al azar, y cinco repeticiones. En cada fecha de siembra se midió el crecimiento, desarrollo de la planta, nodulación y se cuantificó el rendimiento y sus componentes. En las variables de crecimiento evaluadas no se observó efecto de las fuentes de nitrógeno utilizadas, sin embargo a nivel de cultivar, Verde Bonita logra la mayor producción de materia seca. En cuanto a la nodulación los tratamientos con aplicación de nitrógeno obtienen el menor peso seco de los nódulos. El rendimiento no presentó diferencias con las fuentes de nitrógeno, sin embargo a nivel de cultivar, este se ve afectado por la fecha de siembra, siendo Verde Bonita en la primera fecha, con las tres fuentes de nitrógeno donde se obtienen los mejores rendimientos de vainas y Retaca en la segunda fecha, con las tres fuentes de nitrógeno, donde los rendimientos de granos son los más bajos. Además Retaca mantiene sus rendimientos en granos y vainas al atrasar la fecha de siembra, sin embargo Verde Bonita los disminuye. / On broad bean (Vicia faba L.) nitrogen requirements can be covered in part by the biological fixation by the bacterium Rhizobium leguminosarum sv. viceae. The amount of fixed nitrogen is determined, among other factors, by the nitrogen content available in the soil and the conditions under which the crop is growing, as against any attachment stress is reduced. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of nitrogen fertilization and Rhizobium inoculation on growth and yield of two cultivars of determinate growth had established in two sowing dates. For this, in the locality of Talagante, there were two independent trials (one for each planting date), each planting date had factorial arrangement of six treatments, which corresponded to the evaluation of cultivars “Retaca” y “Verde Bonita”, whose plants exhibit determinate growth habit, and three nitrogen sources: seed inoculation, nitrogen application and control without inoculated and without nitrogen. Treatments were arranged in a design of randomized complete blocks, and five replications. In each planting date was measured growth, plant development, nodulation and quantified the yield and its components. In the growth variables evaluated no effect was seen of nitrogen sources used, however cultivar level, “Verde Bonita” produced the greatest dry matter production. Regarding the treatments nodulation nitrogen application get the lowest dry weight of the nodules. The yield did not differ with nitrogen sources, however cultivar level, this is affected by planting date, with “Verde Bonita” on the first date, with the three nitrogen sources where we get the best yields of pods and “Retaca” on the second date, with the three nitrogen sources, where grain yields are the lowest. Furthermore “Retaca” maintains its grain and pod yields by delaying the planting date, however the decreases “Verde Bonita”.