January 7, 2015, the satirical magazine Charlie Hebdo, which among other things has published satirical images of the Prophet Muhammad, became a victim of a terror attack where 12 people lost their lives. This horrible act was performed to avenge Islam and the Prophet Muhammad, something that aroused reactions all over the world. In the media a debate began whether to re-publish the drawings that might have caused the attack or not. Despite the fact that freedom of expression has an important role in the society there were different opinions on the matter.   The aim of this study is to identify how the swedish newspapers Svenska Dagbladet and Dagens Nyheter and the turkish newspapers Today’s Zaman and Hürryiet Daily News framed the circumstances around the terror attack against Charlie Hebdo. By applying a framing analysis on 40 columns with various authors, 20 from each country, we could discern five dominant frames within the texts: Je suis Charlie, why publish/not publish caricatures, motives behind the attack, impacts of the attack and solutions. Our theoretical basis of the study include the concepts of freedom of expression, cultural differences and framing. The results showed similarities as well as differences between the turkish and the swedish journalists ways of framing the circumstances around the attack. In each frame we have identified what the authors consider to be the main issue, the underlying cause and suggestions on how to solve the problem. Here we saw patterns between the different frames, where many of the subjects were demonstrated in several frames.

Darbe analizuojama Lietuvos katalikiškos pakraipos NVO teisės pažeidimų prevencinė veikla. Atsižvelgiant į katalikiškos pakraipos NVO prevencinės veiklos mažą ištyrimo lygį bei jų veiklos specifiškumą (religinį jų veiklos pobūdį), šiame tyrime buvo pasirinktos dvi pagrindinės kryptys: išanalizuoti Lietuvos katalikiškos pakraipos NVO prevencinės veiklos charakteristiką remiantis kiekybiniais rodikliais bei atskleisti religijos prevencinį poveikį asmenybei. Pirmojoje, teorinėje darbo dalyje, analizuojami užsienio autorių tyrimai apie religijos prevencinį poveikį nusikalstamumui, išskiriant religijos kaip socialinio reiškinio, individualaus religingumo bei kryptingos religinės veiklos prevencinio poveikio nusikalstamam elgesiui formas. Antrojoje ir trečiojoje dalyse remiantis kiekybinio tyrimo (anketinės apklausos) bei jį papildančio, kokybinio interviu, duomenimis, nagrinėjama katalikiškos pakraipos NVO teisės pažeidimų prevencinės veiklos charakteristika: bendrieji prevencinės veiklos bruožai, probleminiai veiklos aspektai (antrojoje dalyje) bei jų atliekamos teisės pažeidimų prevencijos požymiai teorinės nusikaltimų prevencijos sampratos kontekste (trečiojoje dalyje). Ketvirtojoje darbo dalyje, remiantis kokybinio interviu metodu gautais duomenimis, analizuojamas krikščioniškų vertybių vaidmuo Lietuvos KNVO prevencinėje veikloje, jų prevencinis poveikis asmenybei, taip pat paliečiami veiklos efektyvumo bei jo santykio su krikščioniškomis vertybėmis aspektai. Tyrimo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / This work analysis Lithuanian catholical non-government organization (NGO) preventional activities of law violations. Due to the fact of low investigations level of catholical NGO preventional activities and the specific of their activities (religiuos tendency), this investigation has two aims: to make an analysis of characteristics of Lithuanian catholical NGO preventional activities based on quantative indexes; and to reveal a preventional influence of religion to person. In the first, theoretical, part of this work we analyse investigations of foreign authors on religion preventional influence to criminality, paying attention to forms of preventional influence to criminality of religion as a social phenomen, of individual religiosity, and of purposeful religiuos activities. In the second and third parts we analise characteristics of catholical NGO law violation preventional activities: common preventional activities outline, problematic aspects of activities (second part); and indications of their law violation prevention in the context of theoretical crime prevention (third part), based on quantative analysis (questionnaire form) and qualitative interview. The forth part of this paper is dedicated to the analysis of importance of christian values to the Lithuanian catholical NGO preventional activities, their preventional influence to person, based on the data acquired during qualitative interview. The efficiency of the activities and its intercourse with aspects of... [to full text]

Every society has jobs that need to be done in order to survive and to improve its members’ subjective well-being. Work is an important source of individuals’ subjective well-being. Employees within higher education institutions face a complex environment and play an important role in the reconstruction and development in South Africa. Employees are experiencing more challenges in the workplace than ever before. They spend more time at work and because they have less leisure time, they have fewer opportunities of seeking meaning in their lives. These factors have an impact on the well-being and happiness of employees in higher education institutions. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between employees’ work experience, type of contract and work outcomes of employees at a higher education institution. A cross-sectional survey design was used with 483 employees at a higher education institution and a response rate of 62% (N = 300) was obtained. The measuring instruments used in this study included the Psychological Contract Across Nations (PSYCONES), Employment Contract Scale, Job Satisfaction Scale, Mental Health Continuum - Short Form and Intention to Quit Scale. Exploratory factor analyses and Cronbach alpha coefficients were computed to determine the construct validity and reliability of the measures. Pearson correlation coefficients, multivariate analysis of variance, one-way analysis of variance and hierarchical regression analyses were used to examine the relationship between the constructs in this study. Bootstrap-estimated confidence intervals were used to assess the significance of indirect effects. The results of study 1 confirmed the validity and reliability of measures (except for the social contract). Age, tenure and gender had statistically significant effects on the fulfilment of one dimension of the psychological contract, namely work conditions. Younger people with less tenure experienced more fulfilment of the psychological contract (regarding work conditions). Tenure also impacted psychological contract violation. Type of contract (permanent versus temporary) impacted the fulfilment of the psychological contract (specifically work conditions). Males (compared to females) experienced more fulfilment of the psychological contract (regarding work conditions) and less violation of the psychological contract. Tenure and type of contract were also related to experiences of the employment contract. The results of study 2 showed that psychological contract violation, job dissatisfaction and lack of flourishing directly impacted turnover intention. Lack of psychological contract fulfilment indirectly impacted job dissatisfaction and languishing via psychological contract violation. The employment contract did not have a statistically significant effect on job satisfaction, flourishing and turnover intention of employees in a higher education institution. Psychological contract violation indirectly impacted turnover intention via job dissatisfaction and languishing of employees. The results of this study confirmed the important role of fulfilment of the psychological contract and non-violation of the psychological contract regarding job satisfaction, flourishing and retention of employees in a higher education institution. Recommendations were made for future research. / MCom, Labour Relations Management, North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2012

The rapid change within the South African workplace and competitiveness of organisations required employed and unemployed individuals to be trained and retrained as a large number of the South African population is unskilled. In the chemical industry employability of individuals is of extra ordinarily importance to both employer and individual. One of the main focuses of the Chemical Industries Education and Training Authority (CHIETA) is to enable learners through the promotion of employability to enter into learnerships to develop the necessary skills to develop sustainable livelihoods (CHIETA, 2011). There are high expectations of the learnerships system which was implemented during 2001 in South Africa. This system is set as a key strategic component of the National Skills Development Strategy, 2011-2016. Learnership programmes are implemented in South African organisations which is a great platform for employee development. Employees are afforded the opportunity to broaden their knowledge in the studied field and gain the needed skills within the organisation (Department of Labour, 1997). Learnerships are seen as a demand driven formal labour market tool, to address the existing need for critical, scarce - high and intermediate - skills levels. Simultaneously, it is seen as an employment-creation mechanism at the low and intermediate skills levels. This statement is a fundamental principle of a survey done on learnerships (Smith, Jennings, & Solanki, 2005). Researchers concluded that learnership programmes are the ideal for employees to acquire the needed skills to become competent and to provide jobs for the unemployed and in this manner enhance employability (Smith et al., 2005). The main aim of article one was to determine the differences in the levels of the psychological contracts, violation of the psychological contract, learners‟ expectations, employability, life satisfaction and work engagement between individual variables (type of learnership contracts, gender, race, age, date of commencement of learnership, date of completion of learnership). A cross-sectional survey design was used. A total of 237 learners completed the questionnaire. The psychological contract scale, violation of the psychological contract scale, learners‟ expectations scale, employability scale, life satisfaction scale, work engagement scale and biographical scale were administered. The results indicated that a statistically significant difference was obtained for age, date of commencement of learnership and date of completion of learnership, but no relationship exists with type of learnership contract, gender and race. The aim of the second article was to determine the relationship between learners within learnership psychological contract, state of the psychological contract, expectations and violations of psychological contract, employability, work engagement and life satisfaction. Furthermore, the study strives to determine whether violation of the psychological contract, learners‟ expectations and employability could predict life satisfaction of learners. A practically significant relationship with a medium effect exists between violation of the psychological contract, state of psychological contract (negative), and employability (positive). A positive practically significant relationship exists between state of psychological contract and work engagement. No relationship was found between employability, life satisfaction and work engagement. A positive practically significant relationship with a medium effect exists between life satisfaction and work engagement. Employer obligations and employability predict life satisfaction. The state of the psychological contract (trust) and life satisfaction predict work engagement of learners. / MA (Labour Relations Management), North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2014

It is widely believed that the Standard Model (SM) can not be a fundamental theory of the basic interactions. Originated from this fact, many new physics models have been proposed. Among them, the two Higgs doublet model (2HDM), the SM enlarged by adding one extra scalar doublet, is considered as the simplest extension of the SM. In this work, within the framework of the model III version of the 2HDM, the exclusive decay the branching ratio is calculated and discussed in various physical regions determined by model parameters. It is observed that it is possible to reach present experimental upper limits in model Finally, the avor changing top quark decay,

This thesis focuses on modeling Expectation-Violation Effect, which is the superior recall of weakly associated pairs of words over strongly associated pairs. The goal of this thesis is to provide an exploratory computational model. A virtual experiment is conducted based on the datasets used in the psychological experiment by Amster et al. (1992). The computational modeling of this phenomenon is carried in the medium of ACT-R cognitive architecture.

Title from first page of PDF document. Includes bibliographical references (p. 42-47).

OLIVEIRA, Karina dos Santos. As violações de direitos de crianças e adolescentes praticadas no âmbito familiar. 2017. 200f. Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação em Sociologia, Fortaleza (CE), 2017. / Submitted by Gustavo Daher (gdaherufc@hotmail.com) on 2017-07-31T11:30:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_dis_ksoliveira.pdf: 1702807 bytes, checksum: 9ad42000a11d26866a3290b210406737 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-07-31T15:05:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_dis_ksoliveira.pdf: 1702807 bytes, checksum: 9ad42000a11d26866a3290b210406737 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-31T15:05:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_dis_ksoliveira.pdf: 1702807 bytes, checksum: 9ad42000a11d26866a3290b210406737 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 / This dissertation aims to propose an examination ondomestic-based practices of children and adolescents rights violation, i.e. forms of violence in which a direct or indirect victim’s family member is involved. Thus, based on a theoretical reflection on what we can consider as being in the field of Sociology of the Family as well as the Sociology of Violence, the study sought firstly to understand how this institution, i.e. the family, which occupies a relevant symbolic position in society and on which an entire social imaginary based on stereotypes such as "protection", "care", "redoubt of moral and affective values", ends up as a space where aggression practices occur. For the research accomplishment, the occurrences notified to the Paracuru-Ce Tutelary Council were investigated. There was a link between qualitative and quantitative methodology. Among the techniques used are: participant observation, field diary, informal interviews and documentary analysis. The statistical analysis was performed through the Sphinx Software (a tool for quantitative and qualitative data analysis) in order to cross-check variables such as: type of violation, accused ones, whistleblower, complaint form, gender and age group of victims etc. A total of 3,741 occurrences were analyzed. In general, the results demonstrated that the most frequent violations were: negligence, physical violence, child laborexploitation and sexual violence. Among the main accused based on the family environment there are: parents (couple), mother, father, grandparents, stepfather, stepmother, uncles and brothers of the victim. Regarding whistle blowers, it was important to realize that even a family occupying the place as a "violator" of rights,it emerged as the main whistleblower in such cases. It is also highlighted that the most usual mean of performing the complaint is the face-to-face denunciation, i.e. the declarant is willing to go to the responsible organ in order to record the occurrence. Regarding the victims, the male audience was the most affected social group, although it has a quantitative representation very close to the female one. Regarding their age group, the index of occurrences with children stood out compared to the adolescents. / Esta dissertação tem por proposta lançar um olhar para as práticas de violações de direitos de crianças e adolescentes cometidos no âmbito doméstico da família, ou seja, para as formas de violência no qual estejam envolvidos algum familiar direto ou indireto da vítima. Assim, a partir de uma reflexão teórica em torno do que podemos considerar como sendo do campo da Sociologia da Família e da Sociologia da Violência, o estudo buscou primeiramente compreender como esta instituição, no caso a família, que ocupa um lugar simbólico relevante na sociedade e sobre o qual se cria todo um imaginário social baseado em estereótipos como de “proteção”, “cuidado”, “reduto de valores morais e afetivos”, acaba se configurando ao mesmo tempo como um espaço para a ocorrência de práticas de agressão. Para a realização da pesquisa foram tomadas para a investigação as ocorrências notificadas junto ao Conselho Tutelar de Paracuru-Ce. Houve o atrelamento entre metodologia qualitativa e quantitativa. Dentre as técnicas utilizadas, cita-se: observação participante, diário de campo, entrevistas informais e análise documental. Por meio de um levantamento estatístico dos casos, através do Software Sphinx (ferramenta para análise de dados quantitativos e qualitativos), trabalhou-se o cruzamento entre variáveis como: tipo de violação, acusado, denunciante, forma de denúncia, sexo e faixa etária das vítimas etc. No total foram analisadas 3.741 ocorrências. De modo geral, como resultado, verificou-se que as violações mais incidentes foram: negligência, violência física, exploração de trabalho infantil e violência sexual. Dentre os principais acusados do ambiente familiar encontram-se: os pais (casal), mãe, pai, avós, padrasto, madrasta, tios e irmãos da vítima. No que diz respeito aos denunciantes, foi importante perceber que mesmo a família ocupando o lugar como “violadora” de direitos, esta apareceu como a grande denunciadora dos casos. Destaca-se, ainda, que o meio mais usual de realização da denúncia foi a forma presencial, onde o declarante se dispõe ao ir até o órgão registrar a ocorrência. Em relação às vítimas, o público masculino foi o grupo social mais atingido, embora tenha uma representação quantitativa bem próxima ao público feminino. Referente a faixa etária dos mesmos, o índice de ocorrências com crianças se sobressaiu se comparado aos adolescentes.

Durante os anos 70, os sistemas de produção evoluíram de planos de produção em massa para planos flexíveis, capazes de prover para cada consumidor produtos ou serviços diferenciados através de um processo ágil, flexível e integrado com baixo custo. O aumento de opções do menu de escolha por parte dos clientes resulta na produção de pequenos lotes de produtos e, consequentemente, dados em volume insuficiente para estimar os parâmetros do processo necessários para o monitoramento da característica de qualidade. A literatura reconhece que não existem métodos capazes de tratar o pro- blema do monitoramento de ferramentas de qualidade em sistemas de produção flexíveis e customizados. O objetivo deste trabalho é propor ferramentas de controle estatístico do processo para este tipo de ambiente. Verifica-se que cenários de produção customi- zados sujeitos à produção em pequenos lotes são suscetíveis a violações de suposições e estimativas imprecisas dos parâmetros do processo. Além disso, as ações adotadas pelos engenheiros de qualidade na fase I da implantação de cartas de controle nas empresas visitadas é conflitante com o que é sugerido na literatura. Verificação dos pressupostos de normalidade e independência não são executados, mesmo quando cartas de controle são implantadas. Os principais procedimentos de controle de qualidade do atual estado da arte são apresentados para verificar alternativas para a implantação de ferramentas de controle estatístico do processo em ambientes onde as estratégias atuais de produção causaram o aumento da necessidade de flexibilidade. Nestes casos, a característica da qualidade costuma ser a mesma, mas para diferentes produtos, o que significa que se tem uma única observação para cada produto em cada momento, no mesmo processo. Discussões sobre a viabilidade em implantar as principais metodologias neste contexto são apresentadas. Entre os métodos levantados no estado da arte, uma única abordagem ca- paz é a carta que utiliza o desvio do alvo no instante t, apresentada por Del Castillo et. al. (1996), porém não é aplicável ao problema de pesquisa apresentado nesta tese, pois exige uma fase retrospectiva de análise. Além disso, a inclusão de um novo produto ou uma mudança significativa no processo antigo em um ambiente flexível não pode ser tratada pelos métodos apresentados. Uma carta de controle multivariada de auto-inicialização baseada no filtro de Kalman para o sistema de múltiplos setups é proposta além de adap- tações da carta de auto-inicialização de Shewhart e da carta de controle de Quesenberry (1991) com média e variância desconhecidos. O modelo baseado no filtro de Kalman foi escolhido depois de um estudo de simulação que comparou o desempenho preditivo dos modelos ARIMA, Regressão PLS e Estrutural Básico. O desempenho das abordagens de controle estatístico do processo propostas foi comparado através de medidas de ARL e a análise considerou a implantação das ferramentas em uma série de dados real e em séries simuladas de ambientes sujeitos à violação das suposições básicas das cartas tradicionais. Como benchmark, foi utilizada a análise retrospectiva da carta de resíduos apresentada por Del Castillo et. al. (1996). Os resultados mostram que a hipótese de violação da nor- malidade é a que mais deteriora o desempenho das cartas de controle. Efeitos de violação da independência e da suposição de homocedasticidade não são significativos ao nível de 5%, de acordo com a análise de variância realizada. Conclui-se que, dos cinco procedimentos propostos, os adaptados obtiveram resultados similares ao benchmark, podendo ser tratados como alternativas para lidar com o problema de monitoramento da qualidade em ambientes organizados com sistemas de produção customizados. / During the 70s, production systems have evolved from mass production plans to flexible plans, able to provide for each constumer differentiated products or services with low cost through an agile, flexible and integrated process. The number increase of choi- ces results in production of small batches of products, and therefore insufficient volume data to estimate the required process parameters for the monitoring of quality characte- ristics. The literature shows that there are no methods to treat the problem of quality monitoring in flexible and customized production systems. The objective of this thesis is to propose tools for this type of environment. It is verified that customized scenarios are subject to small-batch production and are also susceptible to violation of assumpti- ons and inaccurate estimate of process parameters. In addition, actions taken by quality engineers in Phase I implementation of control charts in visited companies is conflicting with what is suggested in the literature. Verification of assumptions such as normality or independence are not performed, even when control charts are implemented. The state of art quality control procedures are presented in order to verify how to implement quality control tools in environments where the current strategies of production has increasing flexibility. In these cases, the quality characteristic is usually the same, but for different products, which means that it has an observation for each product in each time frame for the same process. Discussion on the feasibility of implementing the main methodologies are presented in this context. Among the methods considered the state of the art, the chart which uses the deviation from the target at time t, presented by Del Castillo et al. (1996) is the only that could be able to work in this problem, but shall be not applied to the research problem presented in this thesis, since it requires a Phase I of retrospective analysis. Moreover, the inclusion of a new product or significant change in old process in a flexible environment can not be treated by the methods presented. A self-start multivariate control chart based on Kalman filter for multiple setups is proposed, as well as the adaptations of the self-start Shewhart control chart and the self-start Quesenberry’s control chart (1991). The model based on the Kalman filter was chosen after a simulation study that compared the predictive performance of ARIMA, PLS Regression and Struc- tural Basic models. The performance of the proposed quality control approaches was compared with measures of ARL and the analysis considered the implementation of tools in series of real data and simulated data subject to violation of the traditional charts’ basic assumptions. As a benchmark, we used a retrospective analysis of the chart presented by Del Castillo et al. (1996). The results show that the assumption of normality violation is the one that most deteriorates the performance of control charts. Effects of independence and homoscedasticity violation of assumptions are not significant at 5%, according to the analysis of variance performed. We conclude that, among the five proposed procedures, the adapted ones obtained similar results to the benchmark and can be treated as alter- natives to deal with the problem of quality monitoring in environments with customized production systems.

Orientador: Prof. Dr. Alysson Fábio Ferrari / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Física, 2016. / Operadores contendo derivadas superiores não estão incluídos no Modelo Padrão Estendido (SME) e podem ter relevância na busca por uma teoria que opere na escala de Planck. Nessa tese de doutorado investigamos algumas consequências físicas no regime de baixas energias devido a violação de Lorentz (Lorentz violation, ou LV) gerada por operadores desse tipo. Começamos com um modelo constituído pelo campo fermiônico carregado e massivo , pelo campo do fóton A e pelo campo do tipo áxion (ALP ou axion-like-particle) . A LV aparece através dos acoplamentos não mínimos Fd e 5=b , onde d e b são os vetores constantes responsáveis pela introdução da LV. Assumimos que o campo fermiônico tem massa muito grande, e integramos a ação efetiva no campo do férmion, obtendo então como correção quântica de uma laço uma interação efetiva a baixa energia entre o campo do fóton e o campo do ALP, que resulta ser do mesmo tipo de interação que tem sido investigado em pesquisas experimentais atuais. Em seguida, estudamos outras consequências da interação Fd por meio correções quânticas de um laço, agora exclusivamente no setor de fóton. Mostramos que tal interação LV é responsável por gerar na ação efetiva operadores LV com derivadas superiores. Dentre as correções quânticas geradas consideramos a correção até primeira ordem no parâmetro LV d, juntamente com as correções não lineares de mais baixa ordem, e investigamos efeitos da LV na propagação de ondas eletromagnéticas em uma região contendo um campo magnético forte e constante. Por fim investigamos consequências físicas adicionais da interação Fd por meio das interações entre fontes externas intermediadas pelo campo eletromagnético, onde discutimos os principais fenômenos físicos que emergem dessa teoria e que não são contemplados na teoria de Maxwell usual. / Higher derivatives operators are not included in the Standard Model Extension (SME) and they can have relevance in the search by a theory which operates in the Planck energy scale. In this PhD thesis we investigate some physical consequences in the low energy regime due to LV which was generated by this kind of operators. We start with a model in the high energy regime that is constituted by the charged massive fermionic field , by the photon field A and by the axion-like-particle (ALP) field . The LV appear in our model due to the two couplings Fd and 5=b , where d and b are the constant vectors responsible for introducing the LV. We assume the fermion mass to be very high and we integrate the effective action in the fermion field, obtaining as one-loop quantum correction an effective interaction in the low energy regime between the photon field and ALP field, which we show to be of the same form as the one studied in current experimental searches. Then, we study other physical consequences of the interaction Fd through one-loop quantum corrections in the pure photon sector. We show that such LV interaction generates in the effective action Lorentz violating higher derivatives operators. Among the generated quantum corrections we consider the ones of the first order in the LV parameter d; together with the lowest order non-linear corrections, and we investigate the effects of the LV in the electromagnetic wave propagation in a region with a strong, constant magnetic field. To finish, we investigate additional physical consequences of the interaction Fd through interactions between external sources intermediated by the electromagnetic field, where we discuss the main physical phenomena that emerge of this theory which have no counterpart in Maxwell theory.