Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wyoming, 2007. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on June 17, 2008). Includes bibliographical references (p. 23-27).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 1998. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Michigan State University. Dept. of Criminal Justice, 2008. / Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on July 23, 2009) Includes bibliographical references (p. 171-183). Also issued in print.

Thesis (D.N. Sc.)--Catholic University of America. / Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 79-88).

Thesis (M.D)--University of Hong Kong, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 80-124).

Thesis (M.P.A.)--Kutztown University of Pennsylvania, 1999. / Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 45-06, page: 2953. Typescript. Abstract precedes thesis as preliminary leaves i-iii. Includes bibliographical references (178).

Thesis (D.N. Sc.)--Catholic University of America. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 79-88).

The purpose of the study was to investigate if empathic communication (see definition further down) can contribute to children´s participation in a preschool environment. The purpose is answered through my research questions: Does the preschool teachers work through an empathic approach, and if so how is it manifested in their cooperation with the children? Empathic communication in this context is equated with the term non violent communication; (nvc) an approach and a model of communicating with empathy, compassion and openness, which in itself, may contribute to less violent language and actions among children and adults, as well as greater cooperation and participation levels in their activities. The empirical data for this qualitative theses was collected through two interviews with two preschool teachers working in one nvc oriented preschool. I used semi-structured interviews, which is characterized by open questions and a curious and open attitude for me as an interviewer, where I tried to follow the interviewee by asking follow-up questions. Another part of the material I collected through non-participating observations of twelve children and one preschool teacher, in their everyday activities in a nvc oriented preschool. The theoretical understanding is based on the socio cultural perspective, a theory used to describe awareness of circumstances surrounding individuals and how their behaviors are affected specifically by their surrounding, social and cultural factors. This perspective also relates to how we communicate, understand, relate and cope with one another. The three socio cultural concepts cooperation (described through Vygotskijs theories), children´s participitation and empathy, (all parts of the nvc process), are presented and  described as a ground for the analyze of my empirical data. The Results presents the observations and the interviews, analysed through the social cultural view, in line with Vygotskijs theories of cooperation, as well as through the implication of the concepts children´s participation and empathy. The results are also discussed in the sight of the results of two research surveys, presented in my essay, one investigating the effect of using the nvc as a model in preschools, the other one investigating children´s particiaption in a preschool environment. The conclusions of the study are that empathic communication (nvc) in many ways, can contribute to children´s participation in a preschool environment. This is seen in the interviews and confirmed in the observations; in the children´s behaviors, preschool teachers approach and the unity in their cooperation. The results of this study is also confirmed by other studies in the research field. However, to consolidate my conclusions further, more and deeper studies in this area is needed.

This thesis explores eight professionals’ views on the use of the multi-agency approach to assist young people involved in violent and offending behaviour. Parallel to this overall purpose, this thesis also examines the professionals’ views on possible risk factors for the involvement in such behaviour, and their perception of possible improvements to this particular approach. As a result of the policy changes during the 90’s, multi agency approaches became a popular way to deal with crime. In recent years, new frameworks and programs for multi-agency approaches have been introduced. Focus on a more streamlined multi-agency approach, as a way of targeting young people involved in violent and offending behavior, has been implemented by sharing information and working together across agencies for the benefit of children and young people. The method of this thesis applied semi-structured interviews, all of them with 13 prepared questions, to obtain the data necessary, and used snowball sampling to expand the network of informants. The results showed that most agencies saw benefits with the multi-agency approach primarily because of the way in which one can better obtain the needs of the child/youth and accommodate these on different levels thanks to the close interaction of the agencies. Moreover, the informants displayed a unified understanding of the underlying risk factors that might contribute to the involvement in violent or offending behaviour. Primarily, the informants addressed five risk factor themes: family, drugs and alcohol, gang culture and peer pressure, deprivation, and education. As for improvements, the informants saw the biggest need for such in the area of communication, not only between agencies, but also on a societal and political level where social issues must be addressed in policy making and resource funding.

Syfte: Att beskriva sjuksköterskors upplevelser av våld i vårdrelationer. Metod: Litteraturöversikt av 13 kvalitativa artiklar. En induktiv ansats tillämpades. Datan analyserades utifrån Fribergs femstegsmodell. Resultat: Fyra huvudkategorier och 12 kategorier. Den första huvudkategorin var “en del av professionen”, med tre kategorier; “normalisering”, “acceptans” och “rationalisering”. Den andra huvudkategorin var “professionell påverkan”, med tre kategorier; “gynnsam erfarenhet”, “påverkan på omvårdnaden” och “besvikelse mot professionen”. Den tredje huvudkategorin var “personlig påverkan”, med fyra kategorier; “rädsla och ångest”, “ilska”, “påverkan på familjelivet” och “långvariga konsekvenser”. Den fjärde huvudkategorin var “upplevelser av stöd” med två kategorier; “varierande stöd från organisationen” och “varierande stöd från kollegor”. Slutsatser: Sjuksköterskor upplevde att våldet hade normaliserats till den grad att det sågs som en del av professionen. Sjuksköterskor accepterade och rationaliserade våldet. Att bli utsatt för våld i vårdrelationer påverkade sjuksköterskor både professionellt och personligt samt påverkade patienternas omvårdnad. Sjuksköterskor upplevde att stödet som erbjöds var bristande.