Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1966. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Bibliography: l. 87.

This study develops recommendations for school district administrators and policy makers regarding policies and programs for students at risk of school failure. The study develops a descriptive picture of policies and programs for at-risk students in Washington County school districts and evaluates those policies and programs against criteria for effective policies and programs in order to understand the degree to which such policies and programs implemented in Washington County school districts correspond to criteria associated with effective practices reported in the literature. The study identifies 23 such criteria and numerous indicators associated with each. Data collection, analysis and evaluation were guided by five research questions focusing on procedures used to identify at-risk students, policies and programs implemented to serve the needs of at-risk students, procedures used to evaluate at-risk students and programs, and the effectiveness of at-risk student programs and policies. D"",' were collected from the 13 Washington County school districts and other agencies using interview, document analysis, and survey techniques. Interviews were conducted with 11 school district administrators, 66 documents were examined, the 13 Washington County school district superintendents were surveyed, and 56 of 93 elementary, middle and high school principals completed and returned a 29 item survey. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and written descriptive summaries. The data were further analyzed by applying the program evaluation technique of comparison to a standard, using the criteria for effective policies and programs developed from the literature as standards. The results show nearly all schools and districts meet two of four criteria related to at-risk student identification. Identification practices vary from formal to informal. Most schools and districts meet both criteria related to the use of ineffective programs. Retention at grade level and diagnostic/prescriptive pullout programs are seldom used as an intervention with at-risk students. Most districts and schools meet one of four criteria regarding programs that prevent students becoming at risk. No district offers preschool programs. Few full-day kindergarten options are available. Tutorial reading programs are available at the primary grades in most schools. Three of 12 criteria regarding programs that serve identified at-risk students are met by nearly all schools and districts. A variety of classroom, schoolwide and alternative programs exist that partially meet criteria for effectiveness. Most programs serve secondary students. No district meets the criterion for supporting programs with written policy. Few policies specific to at-risk students or programs exist. In summary, nearly all Washington County schools and districts meet eight criteria for effective policies and programs for at-risk students. The remaining 15 criteria are either met by some schools and not others, partially met by some or all schools, or met by few or no schools at all. Other results show that little or no at-risk student or program evaluation occurs in most districts that administrators perceive resources for at-risk students and programs to be inadequate, and that coordination of at-risk programs both within and between schools and districts is varied and often minimal or lacking. Based upon these results, 52 specific recommendations are made to school districts administrators and policy makers.

The United States' suburban landscape has historically been characterized by low-density residential development. This pattern was shaped by the abundance of developable land in nineteenth century America, and by the emergence of a suburban ideal which romanticized the concept of a spacious home set in a private, garden setting. For many homebuyers, the realization of the suburban ideal was made possible by continual improvements in intraurban transportation. The commuter rail, the electric streetcar, and ultimately the automobile increased the commuting range of inner-city workers, and contributed to the continual expansion of development on the periphery of cities. In recent years, economic and population pressures have contributed to accelerated housing costs in many metropolitan areas, necessitating a redefining of the traditional suburban ideal. Rising land costs have prompted developers to build single-family homes at increasingly higher densities. Developers now face the challenge of designing and implementing development strategies which maximize land use efficiency, and yet still retain some of the "garden setting" ambiance of the traditional suburban ideal. This study traces the historical evolution of residential densities in Washington County, through review of 2235 Washington County plat maps dating from 1870 to 1992. The data reveals a slow growth, low-density development prior to World War II, and a high-growth and increasingly higher-density pattern of development in the post-World War II period. Since 1980, high-density suburban developments have become an increasingly common feature of the Washington County landscape. Examination of the spatial distribution of these subdivisions suggests a strong correlation between high-density development and land scarcity. Comparison of the different types of high-density subdivisions found in Washington County reveals how common-space developments allow for more effective integration with the natural environment. The future of subdivision development in Washington County, hinges upon the results of Metro's Region 2040 study. The Region 2040 study will ultimately recommend the extent that the urban growth boundary should be expanded, and thus will directly affect the availability of developable land The amount, type, ownership, and zoning of these "urban reserves" will be important considerations for future subdivision development in Washington County.

Scale 1 in = 2 miles. Rural free delivery service for Washington and adjoining counties. Produced by P.T. Samuel, Knoxville, Tenn. Marks post offices within Washington and adjoining counties from 1796 - 1900 along with various delivery routes. / https://dc.etsu.edu/rare-maps/1167/thumbnail.jpg

Scale 1 in = 2 miles. Prepared by the Tennessee Department of Highways Research and Planning Division in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration Bureau of Public Roads. Highway map from 1969 with a legend for public areas along with zoomed in circles for areas of interest. Identical to the map with filename "mapcoll_012_03" with the exception being the current map lacks handwritten indications of local county bridges. / https://dc.etsu.edu/rare-maps/1168/thumbnail.jpg

Scale 1 in = 2 miles. Prepared by the Tennessee Department of Highways Research and Planning Division in Cooperation with the U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration Bureau of Public Roads. Highway map from 1969 with a legend for public areas along with zoomed in circles for areas of interest. Identical to the map with filename "mapcoll_012_02" with the exception being added handwritten indications of local county bridges. / https://dc.etsu.edu/rare-maps/1169/thumbnail.jpg

Scale 1 in = 2 miles. Prepared in 1938 by the Tennessee State Highway Department in Cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture Bureau of Public Roads. Data obtained from statewide highway planning survey. / https://dc.etsu.edu/rare-maps/1170/thumbnail.jpg

Edited by the Geological Survey. Compiled from 1:24000 scale topographic maps dated 1939-1965. United States Department of the Interior Geological Survey. Advance composite, subject to correction. National geodetic vertical datum of 1929. Scale 1 in = 3.5 km/ 1.5 mi/ 8000 ft. / https://dc.etsu.edu/rare-maps/1171/thumbnail.jpg

Scale 1 in = 5000 ft. Prepared by the Upper East Tennessee Section, local planning assistance office in January 1985 and approved by the county commission of Washington County on February 4, 1985. County roadmap displaying schools within Washington County. / https://dc.etsu.edu/rare-maps/1172/thumbnail.jpg

Scale 1 in = 5000 ft. Prepared by the Upper East Tennessee Section, local planning assistance office in January 1985 and approved by the county commission of Washington County on February 4, 1985. County roadmap highling all mills within the county. / https://dc.etsu.edu/rare-maps/1173/thumbnail.jpg