Ontario has provided an interesting canvas for waste management planning. As the home of the world’s first blue box program, a successful deposit return system, an extended producer responsibility initiative, and recently the Green Energy Act: Ontario presents many opportunities and challenges for a waste management planner. In addition to the above, Ontario is expected to grow significantly (through immigration) over the next 25 years. In order to manage this, the government of Ontario has created a significant urban planning hierarchy and has focused efforts to accommodate this growth in the Greater Golden Horseshoe. To address the management of waste in the province, the government, in 2004, established a 60% waste diversion goal by 2008. When evaluated in 2009 the province had yet to make significant progress toward the target. This thesis seeks to examine how municipalities in the Greater Golden Horseshoe have developed and implemented their organic waste diversion program in response this target, and examine the issues that arose in reaching it. This thesis attempted to interview waste management planners at eight municipalities, with five agreeing to participate. Based on the interviews it was determined that each of the municipalities had used several different approaches to organic waste diversion, with most having recently implemented (pilot or full scale) curbside organic waste collection programs (green bin). It was also determined that many of the municipalities replicated the same steps as neighbouring municipalities and did not always factor in other’s learning. Most importantly, while the government set the waste diversion goal, they did not take responsibility for ensuring that outcomes were achieved.

In this study, hazardous waste inventory for Turkey is developed based on wastes identified as hazardous in European Waste Catalogue and Regulation on Control of Hazardous Wastes, Annex 7 Necessity of such inventory arises from importance of acquiring information on the amount of hazardous wastes generated and on their countrywide distribution for a sound hazardous waste management system for Turkey. Hazardous waste inventory is constructed by using waste generation factors obtained from literature which are coefficients that relate production with environmental emissions. Whenever possible, direct information obtained from generators was utilized. Both absolute and minor entries are covered. It is estimated that 4,940,000 &ndash / 5,110,000 t/yr of hazardous wastes are being generated in Turkey. 1,790,000 &ndash / 2,252,000 t/yr of these are classified as absolute entries and 3,146,000 &ndash / 3,160,000 t/yr of hazardous wastes are minor entries. It is observed that highest generation occurs from mining and thermal processes which involve high amounts of minor entries. Beside these industries highest generation occurs from wood preservation. Per capita hazardous waste generation is estimated as 30 &ndash / 77 kg/capita/yr which is in accordance with per capita generation range of EU. Highest hazardous waste generation occurs from Marmara Region with 527,730 t/yr followed by Aegean (524,580 t/yr), Central Anatolia (481,820 t/yr), Black Sea Region (277,850 t/yr), Mediterranean (211,580 t/yr), Southeast Anatolia (58,290 t/yr) and Eastern Anatolia (36,520 t/yr) excluding minor entries from mining industry and thermal processes. The trends in hazardous waste generation and GDP from manufacturing industry show the same trend. Contribution of regions are in the same order both in hazardous waste generation and GDP.

Black liquor gasification is one of the promising alternatives to eliminate the drawbacks of the conventional recovery unit of the kraft process. A numerical model has been developed to simulate an industrial pilot scale entrained-flow gasifier currently operating at Tampere, Finland. The objective of the model is to investigate the effect of the key operating parameters on the efficiency of sulfate reduction during black liquor gasification. The results of the sensitivity analysis indicates that reduction is dependent of the ratio of the amount of carbon in black liquor to the amount of air being fed into the system, the reactor temperature and the initial particle size. Decreasing the air ratio can improve the efficiency of reduction. The rates of both reduction and carbon gasification increase with increasing in temperature. Higher reduction can be obtained by increasing the initial particle size. However, the values of those parameters need to be optimized based on the desired degree of sulfate reduction and the completion of carbon conversion. Economic considerations such as the length of the gasifier needed to achieve both high reduction efficiency and carbon conversion also need to be considered when selecting operating conditions. / Graduation date: 1994

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1990. / Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 177-209). Also available via the Internet.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Auburn University, 2007. / Abstract. Vita. Includes bibliographic references (ℓ. 106-110)

Thesis (MSc)--University of Stellenbosch, 2006. / Bibliography. Also available via the Internet.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Tulsa, 1981. / Bibliography: leaf 86.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Tulsa, 1972. / Bibliography: leaf 60.

Thesis (M. Env. St.)--University of Adelaide, Graduate Centre for Environmental Studies, 1991. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 60-65).

Thesis (M.S.)--Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1990. / Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 154-157). Also available via the Internet.