<p>The purpose of this thesis was to investigate a waste management project and its public awareness components, in the Korca region, Albania. We wanted to learn if the communication towards the population about the project had created an effect or not. We conducted interviews in the capital Tirana and in the Korca region situated south east in Albania. The focus on the study was on the population in the Korca region, and on the persons from the project who worked with the information towards the population. The research was a qualitative study consisting of a total of 22 standardized face-to-face interviews and 3 semi-structured interviews. A difference in the environment is now visible according to the inhabitants. We came to the conclusion that the messages conveyed to the target groups have reached an effect, but that an even bigger effect could be reached if the target groups had been more specified and the messages had been more specific.</p>

Abstract Aim: This project deals with ‘employee involvement in the implementation process of waste management. The research focus on Volvo Cars Corporation since the company involves a set of departments in such process. The purpose is to identify the dominant factor(s) affecting employee involvement during waste management execution. These factors are ‘the creators of employee involvement’ and they are organizational culture; communication; training and education; teams; employee empowerment; and rewards. Thus, the research question that has been addressed is ‘how does employee involvement take place in organizations during the implementation of waste management strategies?’ Method: Case study design was applied since it serves as ground for understanding the phenomenon; and it is connected to qualitative research. The authors collected mixed data. Secondary data were gathered from the firm’s sustainability reports, while primary data is obtained from interviews with Volvo’s employees who were related to waste management implementation. Results were offered by applying coding, categorization and content analysis. Results and Conclusions: Volvo demonstrates a green corporate culture with informal and participative channels of communication. Employees work in cross-sectional and self-managed teams and they are not intensely trained in environmental oriented issues. Decentralization in decision-making is the common approach within the company. Moreover, a bonus reward system exists there. Limitations and Suggestions for further research: As the results from representative case studies design cannot be generalized, a comparative case study design regarding a number of automotive companies is recommended. The employee involvement factor has been explored in this study, however, additional research regarding firm’s performance and employee involvement outcomes is decidedly suggested. In addition, the authors recommend to conduct further studies related to other green strategies such as lean production, reduction of toxic emissions, reuse, recycle, etc. Contribution: training and education programs plus rewards packages are found irrelevant in the employee engagement with waste management. Conversely, the conducted study find out additional factors. They are the ‘social component’ and the ‘ecological mentality’ of the business which have to be considered for managers and society as important dimensions in the course of the employee involvement. Key words: HRM, employee involvement, waste management implementation process, creators of employee involvement.

Global waste generation trends are increasing at an alarming rate. Low- and middle-income countries (or the ‘Global South’) bear an increasing proportion of this burden, as the amount of waste produced in these countries is expected to surge drastically in the coming years. Since cities in the Global South rarely have formal municipal recycling systems, recycling activities are typically performed by waste pickers who are precariously employed and sell their wares in unpredictable, unregulated markets. That is to say, this economic activity is an archetype of what is commonly referred to as that taking place in the ‘informal sector.’ Although waste pickers must often confront exclusionary policies and social marginalization, some countries such as Colombia have begun to recognize the social, economic, and environmental contributions of informal recycling activities and have introduced policies that support waste pickers by trying to improve their working conditions. Bogotá has been recognized internationally as an example of ‘best practice’ in terms of creating inclusive policies aimed towards improving the livelihoods of waste pickers. To this end, the Colombian government has introduced, in 2016, National Decree 596, which recognizes and remunerates waste picker organizations as official providers of municipal recycling services. Although this decree legitimizes these ‘third sector’ organizations and has important implications for ‘alternative’ models of service delivery, it has had contradictory effects: although it successfully recognizes the important role that waste pickers play in the waste management system, it also introduces barriers that impede the formalization of waste picker organizations. For example, the decree sets unattainable requirements for the recognition of waste picker organizations and does little to mitigate the vulnerability that waste pickers experience in the face of competition from large, private (often multinational) companies. Based on one month of fieldwork conducted in Bogotá from November 10th to December 10th, 2017, this thesis explores these contradictions and suggests that these barriers originate from the conflicting neoliberal and rights-based orientations of the 1991 Constitution.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:27:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:00:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Dissertacao (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

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Orientador: Luzenira Alves Brasileiro / Banca: Dib Gebara / Banca: Leonardo de Barros Pinto / Resumo: A eficiência da gestão dos resíduos sólidos domiciliares gera impactos diretamente no bem- estar de toda a população do município, mas em especial nas pessoas que trabalham com a coleta, separação e comercialização dos materiais recicláveis. O objetivo desta dissertação é analisar as partes integrantes do sistema de gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos domiciliares do município de Ilha Solteira - SP, desde a geração dos resíduos sólidos nas residências até a sua destinação final em aterros e/ou separação e comercialização pela cooperativa de materiais recicláveis do município. A pesquisa foi dividida em três etapas. A primeira etapa consistiu em realizar um levantamento de dados sobre a destinação dos resíduos sólidos domiciliares no município de Ilha Solteira - SP. A segunda etapa consistiu em entrevistar os munícipes com o objetivo de levantar qual é o tamanho da parcela da população que realiza a separação dos materiais recicláveis, como estes são acondicionados e quais os materiais que são separados. E a terceira etapa foi a caracterização gravimétrica dos resíduos sólidos domiciliares destinados ao aterro sanitário, segundo o método de quarteamento. A pesquisa forneceu resultados sobre a redução da vida útil do aterro sanitário, a quantidade de materiais com valor econômico que está sendo desperdiçado no aterro e a renda que deixa de ser gerada para as pessoas diretamente envolvidas com a comercialização dos materiais recicláveis. Com os resultados obtidos nesta pesquisa, a municipalidade que opera e gerencia os resíduos sólidos terá informações que poderão subsidiar o planejamento e as ações de curto, médio e longo prazo; no sentido de melhorar a eficiência e as condições econômica, ambiental e social do sistema de gestão dos resíduos sólidos domiciliares de Ilha Solteira - SP / Abstract: The efficient management of solid waste directly impacts the welfare of the entire population of the city, but especially those working with the collection, separation, and marketing of recyclable materials. The objective of this dissertation is to study the integral parts of the management system of solid waste in the city of Ilha Solteira-SP, from the generation of solid waste in the home until its final destination in landfills and/or separation and the cooperative for marketing recyclable materials of the city. The research will be divided into three phases. The first step will be to conduct a survey of preliminary data on the allocation of household solid waste in the city of Ilha Solteira-SP. The second stage is to interview the townspeople in order to discover what portion of the population carries out the separation of recyclable materials, wich of these are wrapped and which materials are separated. The third step performed is gravimetric characterization of household solid waste destined for the landfill, using methods of quartering. From the results obtained in this research, the municipality that operates and manages the solid waste will have information that could support the planning and the actions in short, medium and long term, to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of economic, environmental, and social management system for solid waste Ilha Solteira - SP. It will be known: the amount of materials with economic value that are being wasted in the landfill, as well as an estimate of the remaining service life of the landfill, and the income that is not generated for the people directly involved with the marketing of recyclable materials / Mestre

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Despite Institutions Teaching and Research possess a fundamental role in the formation of its professionals, the lack of oversight and vision, along with the improper disposal of chemical waste, have led many laboratories and, consequently, many universities, polluting the environment, promote material waste and mismanagement perform its chemical waste liabilities and assets. Within this context, this work aims to propose a system for managing chemical waste generated at the Laboratory of Environmental Sanitation, Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of CearÃ, with a focus on preventive actions to minimize waste, followed by their treatment. For this, the methodology consisted initially of completing the inventory of chemical waste liabilities followed by characterization of unidentified reagents, which are amenable to reuse. Based on a questionnaire, it was possible to know the main active chemical analyzes generating waste and the situation of how these waste materials were processed in the laboratory. These residues were analyzed for the presence of heavy metals and submitted the metal copper in waste from the analysis of NTK and silver, mercury and hexavalent chromium in the waste analysis of COD. Thus, treatments have been proposed for each metal, which were quantitated using the techniques of X-ray fluorescence and atomic absorption spectroscopy, flame. It was possible to characterize 85.71% of unidentified reagents and thus reuse of 58,125% of the Labosan passive chemical waste. Through the technique of atomic absorption spectroscopy, flame (FAAS), the residue of NKT analysis showed 100% removal of this cover, while the COD analysis of the residue showed removal of 99.984% 99.975% silver and chrome . Thus, it was observed that the final supernatants of chrome and copper treatments showed results within the limits established by CONAMA Resolution No. 430/2011. Through the technique of fluorescence (XRF) X-rays, it was found that solid precipitates of heavy metals showed high purities, such as silver which had purity of 99.223% and the mercury that had purity of 93.540%. Thus, the study supports the need to investigate further all waste generated in Labosan, as also with the implementation of a program of Chemical Waste Management in the UFC. / Apesar das InstituiÃÃes de Ensino e Pesquisa possuÃrem um papel fundamental na formaÃÃo de seus profissionais, a falta de fiscalizaÃÃo e de visÃo, juntamente com o descarte inadequado dos resÃduos quÃmicos, levaram muitos laboratÃrios e, consequentemente, muitas universidades, a poluir o meio ambiente, promover o desperdÃcio de material e realizar o mau gerenciamento dos seus resÃduos quÃmicos passivos e ativos. Dentro desse contexto, este trabalho objetiva propor um sistema de gerenciamento dos resÃduos quÃmicos gerados no LaboratÃrio de Saneamento Ambiental do Departamento de Engenharia HidrÃulica e Ambiental da Universidade Federal do CearÃ, com enfoque nas aÃÃes preventivas de minimizaÃÃo dos resÃduos, seguido do seu tratamento. Para isso, a metodologia constituiu-se inicialmente da realizaÃÃo do inventÃrio dos resÃduos quÃmicos passivos seguido da caracterizaÃÃo dos reagentes nÃo identificados, os quais sÃo passÃveis de reaproveitamento. Com base na aplicaÃÃo de um questionÃrio, foi possÃvel conhecer as principais anÃlises geradoras de resÃduos quÃmicos ativos e a situaÃÃo de como esses materiais residuais eram tratados no laboratÃrio. Esses resÃduos foram analisados quanto à presenÃa de metais pesados, tendo apresentado o metal cobre nos resÃduos provenientes da anÃlise de NTK e prata, mercÃrio e cromo hexavalente nos resÃduos da anÃlise de DQO. Assim, foram propostos tratamentos para cada metal, os quais foram quantificados utilizando as tÃcnicas de fluorescÃncia de raios-X e espectroscopia de absorÃÃo atÃmica de chama. Conseguiu-se a caracterizaÃÃo de 85,71% dos reagentes nÃo identificados e com isso a reutilizaÃÃo de 58,125% dos resÃduos quÃmicos passivos do Labosan. AtravÃs da tÃcnica de espectroscopia de absorÃÃo atÃmica de chama (FAAS), o resÃduo da anÃlise de NTK apresentou remoÃÃo de 100% do cobre presente, enquanto que o resÃduo da anÃlise de DQO apresentou remoÃÃo de 99,984% da prata e de 99,975% do cromo. Assim, foi observado que os sobrenadantes finais dos tratamentos do cromo e do cobre apresentaram resultados dentro dos limites estabelecidos pela ResoluÃÃo CONAMA n 430/2011. AtravÃs da tÃcnica de fluorescÃncia de raios-X (FRX), verificou-se que os sÃlidos precipitados dos metais pesados apresentaram elevadas purezas, como à o caso da prata que apresentou pureza de 99,223% e do mercÃrio que apresentou pureza de 93,540%. Assim, o estudo corrobora com a necessidade de investigar mais profundamente todos os resÃduos gerados no Labosan, como tambÃm com a implantaÃÃo de um Programa de Gerenciamento de ResÃduos QuÃmicos na UFC.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:27:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:00:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / O uso da energia nuclear para as mais diversas finalidades tem se intensificado e destacado pelos benefícios que proporciona. A medicina diagnóstica e terapêutica, a agricultura, a indústria, a geração de energia elétrica, são alguns exemplos. Entretanto, o uso da energia nuclear gera rejeitos radioativos e estes requerem tratamento adequado para garantir a segurança ambiental e dos seres vivos. A biossorção e bioacumulação representam uma alternativa emergente, para o tratamento de rejeitos radioativos líquidos, proporcionando redução de volume e mudança de estado físico. Este trabalho teve como objetivos estudar biossorventes para promover o tratamento de rejeitos líquidos contendo Amerício-241, proporcionando redução de volume e mudando seu estado físico para sólido. Os biossorventes avaliados foram: Saccharomyces cerevisiae imobilizadas em alginato de cálcio, Saccharomyces cerevisiae livres e inativadas, alginato de cálcio, Bacillus subtilis, Cupriavidus metallidurans e Ochrobactrum anthropi. Os resultados foram bastante satisfatórios, chegando a 100 % em alguns casos. Esta técnica parece viável para a implantação no Laboratório de Rejeitos Radioativos do IPEN - CNEN/SP a curto prazo, por ser simples e de baixo custo. / Dissertacao (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

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Este trabalho de pesquisa foi elaborado com o objetivo de apresentar os resultados da recuperação e reciclagem de xileno, gerado em laboratórios de análises clínicas. É importante salientar a importância de um programa de gestão e gerenciamento de resíduos químicos, principalmente em instituições de ensino e pesquisa, de forma a contribuir para a preservação do ambiente e possibilitar a formação de profissionais conscientes, acostumados à práticas corretas de gestão e gerenciamento de resíduos químicos. A recuperação do resíduos de xileno foi feita por meio da técnica de destilação fracionada. Para a verificação da eficiência da recuperação do xileno, foram analisadas amostras do resíduo de xileno, do xileno recuperado e do xileno padrão, com o propósito de comparar os resultados obtidos destas amostras por meio das análises de Espectrofotometria de ultravioleta visível, (UVVis), Refratometria, Cromatografia Gasosa (CG) e Cromatografia Gasosa acoplada à Espectrometria de Massas (CG-EM). Os resultados desta pesquisa confirmam a eficiência da recuperação do resíduo de xileno, possibilitando que este retorne ao processo produtivo ou gerador, na forma de produto, refazendo assim, o ciclo por completo. A recuperação do resíduo do xileno e sua reciclagem traz benefícios ambientais e econômicos. / This research was elaborated with the objectives to present the results of recovery and recycling of xylene, generated in clinical analyses laboratories. It is essential to point out the importance of management and chemical waste management program, especially in education and research institutions, contributing to environment preservation and to making possible the qualification of conscientious professionals, used with correct practices of management and the chemical waste management. The xylene waste was recovered by fractional distillation technique. To verify the efficiency of the xylene recovery it was analyzed samples of waste xylene, recovered xylene and standard xylene, to compare the obtained data of these samples through the ultraviolet-visible Spectrophotometry (UV - Vis), Refractometry, Gas Chromatography (GC) and connected Gas Chromatography to the Spectrometry of Mass (GC-MS) analyses. The results of this work confirmed the efficiency of the xylene recovery, making possible its return to the productive or generator processes as a product, thus completing the entire cycle. The recovery of the xylene waste and its recycling has important ambient and economic benefits.