The thesis deals with waste management in a particular city. It analyzes the level and trying to find opportunities for improvement. Analyzed government in Čunovo and Petržalka, next government in Bratislava and also higher territorial unit into which belongs Bratislava. Looked at the current level of support.Analysis will subjected to public and given internal documents,which are recovered. The results were confronted with a questionnaire research and his results. The company OLO, as the dominant element in city waste management, was also subjected to the research and findings have been recovered. All results were recovered and supplemented by observation Method of shopping centers and their access to sorting waste for visitors. Resulted in the appreciation of of each individual step of research and the actual proposals for improving the situation have been complex. Their combined implementation should be not only to improving waste management,but also to in a cost saving in terms of household. done not only to improve waste hos-ture, but also the financial savings in terms of households.

The diploma thesis deals with design modifications of the investigated industrial „waste-to-energy“ unit and possible deployment of modern integrated equipment instead of existing devices that would reduce economic demands and improve environmental impacts of thermal treatment of gaseous waste in order to increase thermal efficiency. Within the considered modifications, possible modifications of the process according to current technological trends are presented. For all solved devices, investment costs were determined according to the price offers of suppliers in accordance with professional literature, which deals with the economic aspect during the phase of synthesis and selection of the most suitable concept from the investor's point of view. The Venture Profit is used as a measure of the profitability of a given operation to evaluate individual modifications. The output of the thesis is to determine the optimum modification for the process based on the mentioned criteria.

This master thesis deals in first part with options and trends on field of municipal sewage sludge management. Further thesis describes legislation in relation with sewage sludge and its incineration in European union and also in Czech republic. Second part of thesis deals with design of mechanism for material and energetic use of sludge. In design is progressively processed chioce of aparates and material and energetic balance. This data are further used for mechine technical solution of the unit. Disposition of the unit is done acording to chosen and calculated parameter of chosen aparates. Economical evaluate of project if based on investment and operation costs and capacity design of unit in the end of thesis.

The submitted thesis deals with the Packaging Act representing the basic legislature, which was necessary to implement into the Czech legislature based on the European EU law. This Packaging Act no. 477/2001 is the first legal Act of its type in the Czech Republic. Apart from this Act, the thesis also deals with relevant relations, which are based on the general waste management as given in the Act no.185/2001, Coll. on Waste. Management of packaging and packaging waste, similarly to general waste, is governed by the hierarchy of waste management based on the Waste Act. This acute topic, i.e. waste, has been solved with for a long time. Today the society prefers waste prevention, followed by its re-use and use of waste. Only the last option is to remove waste by putting it to dump yards. The European directive no. 94/62/ES on Packaging and Packaging Waste in the wording of the guideline no. 2004/12/ES determines the limits and deadlines until when these limits must be achieved in individual European states. These limits relate to the minimum and maximum quantity of used packaging waste. The Packaging Act imposes to persons, who launch packaging or packed product to market, also other duties, such as reduction of packaging's weight and volume upon preservation of their functional features,...

The industrial development of our society pushes waste management into becoming an important part of both the economy as well as the environmental protection. It is essential to reduce the amount of waste which is being deposited in landfills without any further use. In the next 10 years it is necessary to completely eliminate waste disposal of the reusable waste and especially of the mixed municipal waste. This thesis focuses on the waste management of various types of municipalities. It aims to provide optimization of waste management, in the connection with economical and technical possibilities of various types of municipalities. This thesis is divided into two parts. The theoretical part describes the issue of waste management in the course of history. It shows the various methods of waste disposal and describes the economic and environmental aspects and impacts in general. It briefly summarizes the development of waste management legislation. The second part of this thesis is focused on the analysis of waste management in selected municipalities. Twelve towns in three groups of different sizes were chosen. A survey of waste disposal and the influence of the size of the town and its technical options on the waste management was conducted. The results showed that municipalities have substantial reserves in reducing the amount of waste going to landfill and also in the practical use of waste sorting. In the conclusion of this thesis suggestions to optimization of waste disposal are being presented.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:07:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao claudia b alves ciencia animal.pdf: 627145 bytes, checksum: a4fd70b84f741b2cb9ff2e800f0c5352 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-12 / Usual practices in health stablishments, both human and animal, produce a considerable quantity of residues that potentially represents risks to health of the internal community and the population. These wastes demand special management, with or without treatment prior to the final destination. Consequently, the processing constitutes a vital topic to occupational safety of the employees who handling them, such as to the public health and environment. Thus, this study aimed to analyze aspects of the control of residues produced at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Goiás (HV/UFG). The waste was classified in four groups (GA, GB, GD and GE) accordling to its nature: infectious, chemical, common and drill-sharp, respectively. The evaluation of the residues management was performed using a checklist prepared in accordance with actual legislation and after its validation and application in all sectors of the HV/UFG. The qualifying and quantifying were made through the inspection and weighing of these products. The study was carried out from may 04 to July 17, 2009. As results, it was observed that the management adopted in HV/UFG wasn t fully in accordance with the sanitary regime. Among the critical points observed, it can be outstand the inappropriate separation, identification and storage of the health services waste, poor training of the professionals involved, as well as, insufficient structural conditions. From the previously waste conditioned as GA, it was observed that only 28,5% were appropriately classified as GA. The rest, 2% was GB, 0.5% was GE and 69% was GD. It can be concluded that if the segregation was performed properly in accordance of sanitary legislation, could occur a reduction up to 71% of the contaminated residues. This result can be considered relevant because it implicate in considerable reduction in costs for the treatment of the health services waste, just as in the prevention of infectious diseases and occupational accidents during the handling of these residues. / As atividades cotidianas nos diversos estabelecimentos que prestam serviços de saúde, seja humana ou animal, produzem uma considerável quantidade de resíduos, alguns com características que podem representar riscos à saúde da comunidade hospitalar e à população em geral. Esses produtos necessitam de processos diferenciados em seu manejo, exigindo ou não tratamento prévio à sua destinação final, sendo particularmente importantes tanto para a segurança ocupacional dos trabalhadores que os manuseiam, como para a saúde pública e ao meio ambiente. Diante do exposto, o presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar aspectos do gerenciamento dos resíduos gerados no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal de Goiás (HV/UFG), sendo estes classificados em quatro grupos (GA, GB, GD e GE), denominados, respectivamente, infectantes, químicos, comuns e perfurocortantes. A avaliação do manejo desses resíduos foi efetuada utilizando check list, elaborado de acordo com a legislação vigente e, depois de validado, aplicado em todos os Setores do HV/UFG. A qualificação e quantificação foram efetuadas por meio de inspeção e pesagem desses produtos. O estudo foi realizado no período de 04 de maio a 17 de julho de 2009. Verificou-se que o manejo adotado no HV/UFG não está plenamente em conformidade com a normatização sanitária em vigor. Dentre os pontos de estrangulamentos verificados, destacaram-se a segregação, identificação e armazenamento inadequados dos resíduos de serviços de saúde (RSS), capacitação deficiente dos diferentes profissionais envolvidos no manejo dos mesmos, bem como condições físico-estruturais insuficientes. Dos resíduos acondicionados previamente pelos profissionais do HV/UFG como do GA, depois de segregados, notou-se que somente 28,5% foram classificados como GA, 2% GB, 0,5% GE e 69% GD. Concluiu-se que se a segregação fosse realizada de forma adequada e conforme a legislação sanitária, poderia haver uma redução de até 71% dos resíduos infectantes. Esse resultado é apontado como relevante por implicar em uma diminuição considerável nos custos destinados ao tratamento dos RSS, como também na prevenção de enfermidades infecto-contagiosas e acidentes ocupacionais ocorridos durante o manuseio desses produtos.

This master thesis deals with the current situation of medical waste management in the Czech Republic and available medical waste treatment methods. The first part summarises the legislation of waste treatment and contains an analysis of the current situation of medical waste management in the Czech Republic and comparison to the situation in the European Union. The second part describes medical waste treatment methods and following technologies for energy utilization when thermal treatment method is applied. In the main part of this thesis, a complex medical waste-to-energy system in a model region is designed according to the input data. The design includes description of the collecting and transportation system of the waste, capacity of the unit and suitable thermal treatment and heat utilization technology choice. A calculation model is created for the proposed unit and based on this model, an analysis on energy utilization effectivity is made. As a result of the thesis, environmental, technical and economical assessment is created based on the estimation of the investment and operating costs.

Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-04T12:36:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010 / O número de casos de câncer tem aumentado de maneira considerável em todo o mundo, tornando-se um problema de saúde pública mundial. Entre as modalidades terapêuticas para o tratamento câncer estão a quimioterapia e a radioterapia. A quimioterapia é um método que utiliza compostos químicos, chamados quimioterápicos, e a radioterapia é o uso médico de radiação ionizante como parte do tratamento do câncer. Resíduos de quimioterápicos e radioterápicos são considerados perigosos, devido a suas características tóxicas, podendo acarretar riscos ao trabalhador, ao ambiente hospitalar e ao meio ambiente. Mas como é o gerenciamento desses resíduos? Esta dissertação tem como objeto a legislação internacional e nacional vigente, nas áreas de Saúde e Meio Ambiente, visando à luz destas, analisar as diretrizes para o gerenciamento de resíduos de quimioterápicos e radioterápicos, frente aos demais resíduos de serviços de saúde, considerando os riscos intrínsecos destes, no intuito de proteger e preservar a saúde humana e o meio ambiente. Buscou-se discutir se os procedimentos recomendados na literatura científica, para a degradação / inativação, e destinação final destes resíduos estão sendo adotados no Brasil. Como síntese deste trabalho pretende-se contribuir, sugerindo, possíveis alterações na legislação brasileira vigente, das áreas de Saúde e Meio Ambiente, objetivando melhorias na operacionalização e no controle da geração, tratamento e destinação final destes resíduos, através de mecanismos de monitoramento. / The number of cancer cases has increased drastically in the world, becoming a worldwide public health problem. Among the therapeutic modalities for cancer treatment are chemotherapycs and radiotherapy. Chemotherapy is a method that uses chemicals, called chemotherapy, and radiotherapy is the medical use of ionizing radiation as part of cancer treatment. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy are considered hazardous due to their toxic characteristics and may result in risks to the worker, the hospital environment and the environment. But how is the management of such wastes? This work studies the international and national laws in force, in the areas of Health and Environment, in order to analyze the guidelines for management of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, compared to other wastes of health services, considering the in inherent risks, in order to protect and preserve human health and the environment. We tried to discuss if the procedures recommended in the scientific literature for the degradation/inactivation, and disposal of these wastes are being adopted in Brazil. As a summary of this work we intend to contribute, suggesting possible changes in Brazilian legislation, in the areas of Health and Environment, aiming at improvements in operations and in the generation, treatment and disposal of these wastes through tracking mechanisms.