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Many methods for the quantitative concentration of small amounts of viruses from natural water supplies have been considered. One of the most promising of these is the adsorption of viruses onto a 0.45pm cellulose nitrate membrane filter apparatus. A quantity of water is passed through the filter by gravity or pressure filtration. The viruses present in the water are adsorbed onto the membrane and are subsequently eluted by the use of a beef extract eluant. The virus-containing elution is then layered upon tissue culture, preferably the BGM cell line, for isolation by the plaque method. The isolated virus is then identified by serological techniques.The research presented here utilized the cellulose nitrate membrane filter system for the detection of viruses from local waterways and sewage treatment influents and effluents. Examination of the water was done for the Enterovirus group of viruses consisting primarily of the Echovirus, Coxsackievirus, and Poliovirus groups.Although viral cytopathic effect was detectable in a few cell cultures innoculated with collected water samples, no virus was isolated and identified by serological techniques or electron microscopy. The use of continuous cell lines produced numerous problems during this study. Subsequently, any viruses in positive CPE flasks could not be repassaged in BGM cultures. No viruses could be identified by neutralization in tissue culture. Identification of the positive flasks could not be made by electron microscopy.

This study was a comprehensive appraisal of the operators in municipal and industrial wastewater treatment plants and municipal water purification plants in a six county area of east central Indiana. The evaluation instrument asked for ninety-eight separate items of information pertaining to: Personal Data, Working Conditions and Responsibilities, and Operators' Opinions of Conditions Affecting the Water Treatment Industry.

Two nanofiltration membranes, a thin film composite (TFC) membrane, a cellulose triacetate (CTA) membrane, were tested as pretreatment alternatives to extend the effective life of GAC at Mililani Wells I, Oahu, Hawaii. TFC membranes achieved excellent 1,2,3-trichloropropane (TCP), and 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP) removal percentages whereas CTA membranes performed very poorly. TFC membranes showed promising signs of reducing total organic carbong (TOC) from the nanofiltration unit influent. In Mililani waters, only TCP is present in large amounts. It is suggested that further studies should be conducted where there is a chance of observing membrane's performance against high quantities of 1,2-dibromoethane (EDB), and DBCP. Due to the lack of trained personnel, not many TOC analyses were conducted. It is proven that nanofiltration is a viable treatment alternative and a pilot scale study should be conducted in the future taking economics also into consideration. / Thesis (M. S.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1995. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 46-48). / UHM: Has both book and microform. / Water Resources Research Center

Graduation date: 1993

Thesis (M.S.)--University of South Florida, 2007. / Title from PDF of title page. Document formatted into pages; contains 65 pages. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1995. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. / Committee Chair: Jae-Hong Kim; Committee Member: Joseph hughes; Committee Member: Michael Bergin; Committee Member: Seung Soon Jang; Committee Member: Vernon Snoeyink.

Thesis (Ph.D)--Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. / Committee Co-Chair: Huang, Ching-Hua; Committee Co-Chair: Kim, Jae-Hong; Committee Member: Li, Qilin; Committee Member: Mulholland, James; Committee Member: Wine, Paul; Committee Member: Yiacoumi, Sotira. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.

Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2000. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vi, 47 p. : ill. (some col.) Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 44-46).