Il est communément admis aujourd'hui que le contact entre deux surfaces se compose en réalité d'une multitude de contact ponctuels entre des aspérités. Cette considération amène à une surface de contact réelle significativement différente de l'aire de contact parfaite supposée dans la théorie de Hertz.De même, elle implique également la présence d'un espace libre entre les deux surfaces en contact. Dans cette situation, l'objectif principal de ces travaux de thèse est de développer des approches numériques permettant l'analyse du contact mécanique entre surfaces rugueuses dans le but de qualifier/quantifier l'étanchéité de ce contact rugueux.Deux approches différentes sont étudiées. La première consiste à analyser le contact mécanique entre une surface rugueuse et un plan rigide au moyen de la méthode des éléments finis et d'un nouveau modèle numérique. La seconde concerne l'estimation de la transmissivité d'un contact rugueux en considérant des simulations de l'écoulement d'un fluide au sein du champ des ouvertures présent entre les deux surfaces en contact.La comparaison de ces estimations numériques avec les résultats expérimentaux révèlent des écarts importants. Dans le but de comprendre ces écarts, l'influence du modèle de comportement matériau dans de telles simulations est étudiée. La plasticité cristalline, mais également l'élévation de la température dégagée par déformation plastique seront considérés. La question de la représentativité de notre problème vis-à-vis de l'approche fluide sera également discutée. / It is now widely accepted that the contact between two surfaces is in fact a one-to-one contact between many asperities, depending on the roughness of the contact pair. This represents a strong deviation from the perfect contact assumed in engineering approaches, with the real contact area being significantly smaller than the apparent contact area.In addition, such an approach also implies the presence of a free space between surfaces in contact. Thus, the purpose of our study is the development of numerical tools to analyse the mechanical contact between rough surfaces and the tightness of such a contact.Two different approches are studied. The first one is devoted to the observation of the mechanical contact between a rough surface and a rigid plane by means of the finite element method and a new numerical model. The second approach is related to the estimation of the contact transmissivity by considering simulations of the fluid flow in the resulting free space between surfaces in contact.The comparison between experimental and numerical estimations of the resulting flow rate shows significant deviations.In order to understand these deviations, the influence of material models on contact simulations is studied. In particular, the effect of using crystal plasticity and the effect of including plasticity-driven temperature changes are considered. The question of problem representation in fluid flow approaches is also addressed.

This diploma thesis is focused on design cast-in-place reinforced concrete structure multi-storey multifunctional building according to the source material. Specifically, foundation slab and external wall in B1 taking into account the waterproofness of the construction. Then staircase, column in lowest storey and two floor slab are designed as selected load-bearing structure. Elements are dimensioned according to ČSN EN 1992-1-1: Design of concrete structures - general rules and rules for building structures. In the drawing part of the diploma thesis are drawn drawings of the shapes and reinforcement.

The diploma thesis is focused on design of a monolithic reinforced concrete structure of an apartment building situated in a gap site. The foundation is designed on a foundation slab supported by piles, which together with the walls in the basement are made as a waterproofness concrete structure. It is a two-way wall construction system, made in a combination of masonry and reinforced concrete. The structure was assessed for the ultimate limit state and the serviceability limit state. Due to the requirement for waterproofness, the reinforcement was designed for non-force effects at an early stage. The work includes drawings of shapes and reinforcement.

The final thesis is focused on designing reinforced concrete load-bearing structures of a detached house on two floors and one basement. In the basement will be located the storages, utility room and wine bar. On the ground floor will be located garage for two cars, living room with kitchen and study. On the second floor will be located bedroon and two child’s rooms. The ceiling slab of the second floor, the ceiling slab of the ground floor, the ceiling slab of the basement, spiral staircase, half-turn staircase and walls of the first underground floor with solution as water-resistant construction. Programs SCIA Engineer 21.1 and Dlubal RFEM are used to calculate the internal forces. To varify the accuracy of the results is used manual calculation. The work includes drawings of formwork and reinforcement of the all designing structires. The bulding is designed according to ČSN EN 1992-1-1.