Este trabalho está voltado para a avaliação de alternativas de instalação propulsora para o empurrador de comboios fluviais. Estes comboios devem atender o objetivo da Petrobras / Transpetro de transportar álcool e derivados de petróleo pela hidrovia Tietê-Paraná. São apresentados como elementos de subsídio para o trabalho um estudo da demanda de álcool combustível em âmbito mundial e os argumentos para seu uso, bem como da oferta brasileira do produto. Além disso, apresentam-se, de forma sucinta, as principais restrições da hidrovia Tietê-Paraná, que devem servir de base para o projeto do comboio, e as características dos comboios em operação na hidrovia, que transportam outras cargas. São apresentados os critérios estabelecidos para construção de comboios fluviais adaptados ao transporte de álcool e derivados de petróleo, segundo as exigências da Norman e das sociedades classificadoras. O trabalho apresenta também uma investigação sobre novas concepções de instalação propulsora para emprego no empurrador. Assim, para seleção da instalação propulsora do empurrador são consideradas três alternativas: a instalação Diesel, que é concepção empregada em todos os comboios da hidrovia, e duas instalações dieselelétrica, uma convencional e outra com sistema Azipod. São empregados como critérios de avaliação o custo operacional do comboio, o impacto ambiental produzido pela emissão de gases e a segurança de navegação do comboio. Como método de avaliação multi-criterial foi utilizado o método de análise hierárquica. Os resultados da avaliação indicaram uma preferência pela instalação propulsora Diesel. / This work focuses on the evaluation of alternatives of main propulsion plants for towboats of fluvial convoys. These convoys must attend the objectives of Petrobras/Transpetro of transporting ethanol and oil derivatives through Tiete-Parana waterway. A study of the demand for ethanol worldwide and the arguments for its use are presented as supporting elements for the work, as well as the Brazilian supply of the product. Moreover, the main restrictions of the Tiete-Parana waterway, which must be the basis for the project of the convoy, and the characteristics of the convoys in operation in the waterway, which transport other loads, are succinctly presented. Complying with Norman 02 requirements and classifying societies, the criteria established for the construction of fluvial convoys adapted to the transport of ethanol and oil derivatives are also presented here. The work also presents an investigation about new concepts of propulsive installation for the use in the towboat. Therefore, for the selection of the propulsion system of the towboat, three alternatives are considered: the Diesel plant, which is the concept used in all convoys of the waterway, and two Diesel-electric propulsion systems, a conventional one and another with an Azipod system. The operational cost of the convoy, the environmental impact produced by the emission of gases and the safety of navigation of the convoy are used as criteria for evaluation. The method of hierarchical analysis was used as method of evaluation. The results of the evaluation indicated a preference for the Diesel propulsion plant.

É elaborada uma proposta de procedimentos de projetos de comboios fluviais adaptados às condições existentes das vias navegáveis, a partir de uma visão ampliada da necessidade de obtenção de menores custos de transporte, com níveis adequados de segurança e de respeito ao meio ambiente. Uma análise das inter-relações técnicas entre hidrovias e embarcações, assim como dos condicionantes e implicações do conceito de embarcações adaptadas às vias navegáveis, orientou a elaboração do modelo. Este foi estruturado em módulos, com o objetivo de reproduzir, um a um, os fatores mais importantes que influenciam a eficiência, a segurança e o nível de interferência ambiental do transporte de cargas por comboios. Um programa computacional foi desenvolvido como instrumento de aplicação do modelo, consolidando os procedimentos propostos para a escolha das melhores alternativas de projeto e de operação de comboios. Resultados experimentais com comboios em escala real e com modelos em tanques de provas, foram utilizados para validação dos procedimentos adotados. Dados de acidentes com comboios em várias hidrovias do mundo foram utilizados como bases para avaliações de risco. O modelo foi aplicado aos casos de transportes de soja pela hidrovia Tietê-Paraná e pelo rio Araguaia, exemplificando as formas de análise e de escolha das alternativas de soluções de projeto. Ao final, os resultados obtidos comprovaram a utilidade da adoção de um enfoque mais abrangente do processo de projeto de comboios fluviais. / It is proposed a procedure model for design of barges push-tow adapted to waterway actual conditions, with the purpose of minimize transportation costs but always making verifications of navigation safety and ambient interferences levels. An analysis of inter-relations on inland waterways and cargo ships and, also, detailed conditionings and implications of waterway adapted ships concept, was used for model elaboration. It was structured in blocks to reproduce, one to one, the most important factors that modify efficiency, safety and environmental interference levels of barges push-tow cargo transportation. A computational program was developed to consolidate the proposed model and to apply procedures to choose best design and operational alternatives. Results of full scale and towing tank tests with push-tows were used to verify the mathematical and semi-empirical models. Barges push-tows accidents data from waterways of the world was used as risk model basis. To evaluate its effectiveness, the model was applied to bulk grain transportation cases by Tietê-Paraná waterway and by Araguaia river. The results shows that the special emphasis on three factors (efficiency, safety and ambient) improves the quality of barges push-tow design process.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T18:33:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sandra Regina da Silva Pinela Dalmas.pdf: 1351149 bytes, checksum: b95811faa59bc1f7d86fd89ac7f302c1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-02-26 / This research work compares the options of monomodality, intermodality and multimodality to the transport of bulk grains from the western region of Paran?. The purpose of the research was to identify the reasons for the low utilization of waterways in comparison with the highways and railways, in this region. In order to do this, were found the main features of the load transport through each of these modal ones, and the performance of the maritime ports of Santos (SP) and Paranagu? (PR), regarded as the most suitable for export such production. The data has been collected from primary sources, by the technique of in situ observation made in river and raiwayl terminals and guided unstructured interviews with some professionals responsible for the logistics of companies engaged in the marketing of grain in the region. It has been used some documentary research to gather secondary data, concerning the characteristics of transport and freight prices. The analysis of content was made through comparison between prices of freight, losses, and the impact in the costs related to the environmental costs, of each simulated arrangement. It found out that the preference in the region for road modal occurs mainly due to the lack of infrastructure logistics for the other modal ones. In the comparison of performance, the Port of Santos presents minor average time of wait to moor a ship than the Port of Paranagu?. It was concluded that the waterway is an alternative to the costs reduction of transport in the region and that there is a latent demand for joint efforts of public and private initiative to reach the solution of the existing deficiencies for the transport of agricultural production of the western region of Paran / Este trabalho de pesquisa compara as opções de monomodalidade, intermodalidade e multimodalidade para o transporte de granéis agrícolas da região Oeste do Paraná. O propósito foi identificar as razões da pouca utilização da hidrovia em comparação à rodovia e ferrovia, nessa região. Para isso, foram levantadas as principais características dos transportes de carga, por meio de cada um desses modais, e o desempenho dos portos marítimos de Santos (SP) e Paranaguá (PR), considerados como destinos mais apropriados para exportação dessa produção. Os dados foram coletados de fontes primárias, a partir da técnica de observação in loco, realizadas nos terminais fluvial e ferroviário, e de entrevistas não estruturadas, guiadas, com alguns profissionais responsáveis pela logística de empresas atuantes na comercialização de grãos da região. Utilizou-se de pesquisa documental para a coleta de dados secundários, referentes às características dos transportes e preços dos fretes. A análise do conteúdo foi feita por comparação entre os preços de fretes, perdas, e impacto nos custos relacionados aos problemas ambientais, de cada arranjo simulado. Constatou-se que a preferência na região pelo modal rodoviário ocorre principalmente devido à falta de infra-estrutura logística para os outros modais. Na comparação de desempenho portuário, o Porto de Santos apresenta menor tempo médio de espera para atracamento dos navios, do que o Porto de Paranaguá. Concluiu-se que a utilização da hidrovia é uma alternativa para redução dos custos de transporte na região e há uma demanda latente na região por esforços conjuntos da iniciativa pública e privada para a solução das deficiências existentes no escoamento da produção agrícola da região Oeste do Paraná.

Thesis deals with the efficiency of inland waterways in the Czech Republic and its measure which would lead to its greater use. For this precaution is considered a project the Weir in Děčín and without this, the project can not proceed in the construction of other projects in the Czech inland waterways. The first part is devoted to the description of inland waterways as part of the trans-European networks. Furthermore there are institutions in charge of the developement and operation of waterways. Legislation defining the rules to ensure continuity of water transport is also important in the developement and operation. The second part deals with positive relationship between freight water transport and economy of the Czech Republic. I describe in the last chapter of the thesis project the Weir in Děčín and the subsequent project of navigability of the Elbe River to Pardubice and construction of the Danube-Oder-Elbe.

O presente trabalho tem como principal objetivo o estudo da percepção de justiça e eqüidade de grupos sociais do Pantanal Mato-Grossense, a respeito de aproveitamentos hídricos, tendo como referencial empírico o implemento da Hidrovia Paraguai-Paraná. As concepções que esses grupos sociais têm de atitudes para um planejamento hídrico justo, assim como, seu grau de informação e de participação social, foram também considerados fundamentais para uma melhor compreensão das percepções de pantaneiros e ribeirinhos. Para tanto, metodologicamente foi proposto um estudo de caso , com aplicação de questionários fechados, realização de entrevistas gravadas e fotodocumentação. Por meio dos resultados apresentados, conclui-se que a percepção do grau de justiça dos entrevistados está intimamente relacionada aos usos da água que, no nível individual e comunitário, apresentam aspectos que mais diretamente intervêm no cotidiano e na qualidade de vida das pessoas. Quanto ao grau de concordância com aspectos fisiológicos inseridos na gestão de recursos hídricos, destaca-se a percepção generalizada da água como um bem comum e de forte valor comunitário, que deve ser preservado, em detrimento de aspectos econômicos. Reconhecem a necessidade de regras de planejamento a longo prazo, assim como, a necessidade de todo um arcabouço legal, porém, existe um clima de pessimismo quanto ao cumprimento das leis, visto que, carregam uma certa desconfiança da imparcialidade da justiça, assim como, a reconhecem como morosa. Conclui-se que as atividades e ações apresentadas e necessárias para o implemento de um hidrovia são consideradas negativas à medida em que os impactos sócio-ambientais são associados como causadores de impactos negativos localizados. Quanto ao grau de informação, pode-se concluir que a falta de mesma é perceptível em todas as áreas, sexos, faixas etárias, tipos de ocupação e níveis de escolaridade - com exceção das mulheres residentes no meio urbano, que se mostram mais informadas. A respeito do nível de participação, apesar de se reconhecerem como co-responsáveis, juntamente com a ação governamental, pela gestão dos recursos hídricos e preservação do Pantanal, mostram aversão em participar do processo decisório e de se inserirem em qualquer forma associativa. Porém, acreditam na possibilidade da participação efetiva do público, deixando em aberto um canal para engajamento futuro. / It is the purpose of this study to acertain the perceptions of the riparians and small cattle ranchers of the marshes of Pantanal Mato-grossense as regards the justice and fairness of water management policies, with special reference to the implementation of the Paraguay-Paraná Waterway. The conceptions of these groups about the fairness of water planning procedures, their acceptance of some of the philosophical aspects underlying the water resources management, the degree of their awareness about environmental ramifications and the level of social participation in the decision process, are considered to be of fundamental importance for a better comprehension of the perception of the said groups. To achieve an understanding of the perception of the social groups, a case study was made through the application of a questionnaire, interviews and photo-documentation. The results show that the degree of perception of justice of those interviewed is intimately associated with water use on individual as well as on community levels revealing aspects related to every day life and its quality. With reference to the degree of acceptance of the water management philosophy, it is observed that the riparians perceive water as a public good with great value for the community and that it should be preserved even at the cost of economic interests. They recognise the need for long-term planning and for the required legal framework. However, they show some pessimism as regards the effectiveness of such laws in view of their suspicions about the impartiality of the judicial system and its moroseness. As regards the awareness of riparian inhabitants of the waterway projects, the absence of such information is perceptible in all the areas and among both sexes, their age groups, occupation and education level with the exception of urban women. With respect to social participation, the riparians are averse to their involvement in the water resources decision process or any other kind of association, despite recognizing their responsability to wards the preservation of the Pantanal.

<p>У раду је дата детаљна анализа подручја Подунавља у Републици Србији, који се<br />назива Дунавска осовина. Простор Дунава, тј. Коридора VII има изузетан саобраћајни&nbsp; положај и природне услове за развој и чини део окоснице просторне структуре Србије. На овом подручју је изражена концентрација становништва и агломерација делатности и то посебно на подручју Града Београда, највеће урбане агломерације Србије, али и на подручју Новог Сада, који чини национални секундарни центар. Простор дунавског појаса због свог изузетног&nbsp; значаја&nbsp; узроковао је да има повећану концентрацију производње, капитала, саобраћаја, становништва и насељавања у том делу Србије.<br />Дунавска осовина располаже изузетним потенцијалима за развој пољопривреде, енергетике, индустрије и туризма. Значај и потенцијали реке Дунав за Републику Србију су огромни, али његове предности још увек нису искоришћене, а његова улога осовине развоја није у потпуности потврђена. О природним ресурсима простора око реке Дунав у Европи и неопходности сарадње између подунавских земаља писали су многи, али и закључивали да је њихова искоришћеност недовољна и неадекватна, као и да нема рационалну организацију која би бринула о економским, еколошким, културним, и другим интересима како средње, тако и о интересима целе Еворпе.<br />Основни циљ дисертације је потврђивање потенцијала и могућности које подручје Подунавља пружа Републици Србији, као и постављене хипотезе да је Дунав, односно, Подунавље осовина развоја Републике Србије. Утврђивањем основних природних и друштвених карактеристика дунавског гравитационог подручја и саме реке и њихове анализе приказаће се основни потенцијали овог подручја. Циљ је да се укаже на значај Дунава за регионални развој Србије и да се конкретним решењима предложе најбољи начини за коришћење његових многобројних вредности. Реалним приказом садашњег стања омогућава се и процена будућег дешавања и промена.</p> / <p>U radu je data detaljna analiza područja Podunavlja u Republici Srbiji, koji se<br />naziva Dunavska osovina. Prostor Dunava, tj. Koridora VII ima izuzetan saobraćajni&nbsp; položaj i prirodne uslove za razvoj i čini deo okosnice prostorne strukture Srbije. Na ovom području je izražena koncentracija stanovništva i aglomeracija delatnosti i to posebno na području Grada Beograda, najveće urbane aglomeracije Srbije, ali i na području Novog Sada, koji čini nacionalni sekundarni centar. Prostor dunavskog pojasa zbog svog izuzetnog&nbsp; značaja&nbsp; uzrokovao je da ima povećanu koncentraciju proizvodnje, kapitala, saobraćaja, stanovništva i naseljavanja u tom delu Srbije.<br />Dunavska osovina raspolaže izuzetnim potencijalima za razvoj poljoprivrede, energetike, industrije i turizma. Značaj i potencijali reke Dunav za Republiku Srbiju su ogromni, ali njegove prednosti još uvek nisu iskorišćene, a njegova uloga osovine razvoja nije u potpunosti potvrđena. O prirodnim resursima prostora oko reke Dunav u Evropi i neophodnosti saradnje između podunavskih zemalja pisali su mnogi, ali i zaključivali da je njihova iskorišćenost nedovoljna i neadekvatna, kao i da nema racionalnu organizaciju koja bi brinula o ekonomskim, ekološkim, kulturnim, i drugim interesima kako srednje, tako i o interesima cele Evorpe.<br />Osnovni cilj disertacije je potvrđivanje potencijala i mogućnosti koje područje Podunavlja pruža Republici Srbiji, kao i postavljene hipoteze da je Dunav, odnosno, Podunavlje osovina razvoja Republike Srbije. Utvrđivanjem osnovnih prirodnih i društvenih karakteristika dunavskog gravitacionog područja i same reke i njihove analize prikazaće se osnovni potencijali ovog područja. Cilj je da se ukaže na značaj Dunava za regionalni razvoj Srbije i da se konkretnim rešenjima predlože najbolji načini za korišćenje njegovih mnogobrojnih vrednosti. Realnim prikazom sadašnjeg stanja omogućava se i procena budućeg dešavanja i promena.</p> / <p>The paper gives a detailed analysis of the area of Podunavlje in the Republic of Serbia, which bears the name the Danube Axis. The Danube region, that is the region&nbsp; of the Corridor VII has an exceptional traffic position and natural conditions for development and it makes a part of the essential framework of the spatial structure of Serbia. This region has a pronounced concentration of population as well as agglomeration of economic activities, especially on the territory of the City of Belgrade, the largest urban agglomeration in Serbia, and also on the&nbsp;territory of Novi Sad, which is a secondary national center. Due to its particular significance, the Danube region has an enlarged concentration of production, capital, traffic, population and immigration in that part of Serbia. The Danube Axis has enormous potential for the growth of agriculture, energetics, industry and tourism. The Danube River has enormous significance and enormous potential for the Republic of Serbia. However, its advantages have not yet been taken, and its role as a foundation for development has not yet been fully confirmed. Many people have written about natural resources of the area surrounding the Danube River in Europe and about the necessity of cooperation among the countries along the Danube River basin, but they have also concluded that their exploitation has been insufficient and inadequate, as well as that there has been no rational organization to take care of the economic, ecological, cultural and other interests of Central Europe and of the whole Europe as well. The main goal of the dissertation is to confirm potential and possibilities that the area of Podunavlje offers to the Republic of Serbia, as well as to make a hypothesis that the Danube, that is Podunavlje, provides the basis for the growth of the Republic of Serbia. The establishing of major natural and social characteristics of the Danube gravity zone and of the River itself and their analysis will show the true potential of this&nbsp; region. The aim is to emphasize the importance of the Danube for the regional growth&nbsp; of Serbia and to suggest the best ways of exploiting its numerous assets in the form of&nbsp; concrete solutions. A real portrayal of the present state enables the assessment of future occurrences and future changes.</p>

With increasing interest in utilizing the inland waterways (IWW) in European countries, the design of IWW vessels gains attention both from a transport efficiency and an emission control point of view. However, unlike in western and central European countries, in Nordic countries, e.g. Sweden, IWW ships must deal with ice on the fairway during every winter. Usually, IWW ships are designed without ice concerns and are structurally weaker compared to ships designed according to ice class notification from the classification societies. Developing such ships requires particular concerns since there is no strict requirements regarding ice class notifications for IWW ships. A primary challenge is to estimate both the global and local ice loads acting on the ship hull structure. To consolidate the design problems for IWW ice-going ships, Lake Mälaren is selected. Ice conditions, i.e. ice type and concentration, and ice data, e.g. ice thickness and ice flexural strength, are extracted and analysed for the ice load estimation. The ice mechanical properties have great influence on the ice load. Ice characteristics are studied based on empirical formulae and properties are calibrated by reference data. The deterministic approach is widely used to predict the ice loads. It is suitable when all variables, i.e. ship geometry and ice properties, are known and refers to rule-based design hereby. For first year light ice conditions in Lake Mälaren, the Finnish Swedish Ice Class Rule (FSICR) is widely used. The thesis uses guidelines from the Finnish Swedish Ice Class Rules as a reference and compare the results with other methods. The probabilistic approach, on contrary, is useful when certain variables are unknow, which are interpreted as random variables, for instance ice breaking pattern. Here the probabilistic method and ice-hull interaction mechanism are studied. The probabilistic method simplifies the ice pressure in relation to the contact area between the ice and the ship hull. It predicts maximum ice pressure acting on the ship hull based on field ice test data and ice exposure conditions. Such semi-empirical method can be used regardless of ship type and size. For this, a numerical model is introduced based on ice-hull collision mechanisms and the essential ice breaking characteristics. The physical mechanism is studied for idealizing ship-ice impact model. The idealization model includes the ice failure process, ice conditions and ship geometry. The ice failure is assumed to be initiated by crushing ice and followed by breaking due to bending failure. Ice properties are set as constant values without any variations. The stochasticity in interact process is represented by randomness in collision location and number of pieces of ice floe formed after breaking. An energy method is used to calculate the ice crushing force, indentation displacement and contact area. The ice bending scenario is simplified as an infinite plate resting on an elastic foundation under a concentrated load. Ice impact load and critical load can be obtained for global and local structural assessment respectively. The structural responses and structural strength of a representative panel at linear and nonlinear contexts are investigated as well. Ship structure is commonly designed with material yield strength as limit. However, the study shows a lighter structure can be achieved if plastic deformation is allowed without causing failure. Therefore, the design can be optimized with regards to ice loading capacity and weight control.

A high-resolution astronomic tidal model has been developed that includes detailed inshore regions of the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway and associated estuaries along the South Atlantic Bight. The unique nature of the model’s development ensures that the tidal hydrodynamic interaction between the shelf and estuaries is fully described. Harmonic analysis of the model output results in a database of tidal information that extends from a semi-circular arc (radius ~750 km) enclosing the South Atlantic Bight from the North Carolina coast to the Florida Keys, onto the continental shelf and into the full estuarine system. The need for tidal boundary conditions (elevation and velocity) for driving inland waterway models has motivated the development of a software application to extract results from the tidal database which is the basis of this thesis. In this tidal toolbox, the astronomic tidal constituents can be resynthesized for any open water point in the domain over any interval of time in the past, present, or future. The application extracts model results interpolated to a user’s exact geographical points of interest, desired time interval, and tidal constituents. Comparison plots of the model results versus historical data are published on the website at 89 tidal gauging stations. All of the aforementioned features work within a zoom-able geospatial interface for enhanced user interaction. In order to make tidal elevation and velocity data available, a web service serves the data to users over the internet. The tidal database of 497,847 nodes and 927,165 elements has been preprocessed and indexed to enable timely access from a typical modern web server. The iii preprocessing and web services required are detailed in this thesis, as well as the reproducibility of the Tidal Toolbox for new domains.

Regulation of the Upper Tombigbee River and its incorporation into the Tennessee-Tombigbee Waterway has resulted in main-channel flows that differ from the pre-regulation condition. Flows differ in (1) magnitude: higher base flows, damped peak flows, and (2) variability: the river rises and falls faster and the number of reversals has increased. A shift in the trophic ecology of the resident fish assemblage corresponded with the altered hydrology. Assemblage-level trophic plasticity manifested through dietary shifts in species present during both time periods are coupled with changes to the taxonomic structure observed previously. Species representing the contemporary assemblage feed on fewer taxa regardless of respective trophic ecologies and include taxa that are not characteristic of diets under pre-regulation conditions. More basal resources contributing to production resulted in a greater number of trophic pathways flowing through a decreased dietary breadth. Reduced foraging efficiency is inferred for riverine specialists, possibly resulting in lower fitnesses. Tributaries are highlighted as important in maintaining biodiversity in the regulated main-channel because flows and associated trophic ecologies of resident fishes are relatively similar to those observed under pre-regulation conditions. Materials and taxa exhibit unique interactions at “zones of confluence” where unregulated tributaries merge with the main-channel. Quantifiable characteristics of trophic ecology and ecomorphology, along with connectance to free flowing major tributaries, emerge as potential indicators of the vulnerability of fishes to hydrologic alteration.

At the time of its construction (1971-1985), the Tennessee-Tombigbee Waterway was a highly scrutinized public works project, but the years after its construction have remained largely unexplored. Research in the John C. Stennis Collection, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and Tennessee-Tombigbee Waterway Development Authority archives, and local newspapers, revealed that despite developers’ promise the waterway’s economic impact failed to live up to expectations, while its environmental influence more than exceeded them. Though rural southerners failed to benefit economically from the waterway, they embraced the environmental changes forced upon the project by the National Environmental Policy Act. Built as a promise of economic development, the Tenn-Tom offers a model of how economics and environmental forces intersected within the rural South. The waterway’s history as an economic and environmental force demands a reconsideration of the role of public works projects in southern environmental history.