The diploma thesis on the topic "Spirituality of Young Romanies" disserts on spirituality amongst them. The spirituality is pursued in general and its levels, possibilities of saturation and ties to institutions are comprised. A chapter describing the history of the Romanies and phenomena associated with the spirituality of the Romanies is included. The aim of the thesis is to find out whether the phenomena are still relevant in connection with Romany religiosity and whether they differ in the Ústí nad Labem Region and in the East of Slovakia, where these traditions are still represented in the majority society. In my theses I also trace whether there is syncretism. For the practical part, I have chosen quantitative research with the technique of a questionnaire survey.

En la actualidad existe un segmento de personas, parejas con fines de contraer matrimonio, que no está siendo evaluado por las empresas emergentes. Analizamos algunas problemáticas en el rubro de bodas que no están siendo atendidas. Dentro de las principales se encuentra la falta de digitalización de empresas proveedoras de servicios y productos de bodas. Por ello se ha desarrollado un proyecto para poder dar solución a este problema, con la creación de una plataforma web donde se podrán encontrar distintos proveedores de bodas seleccionados por categorías, así facilitar el proceso de una boda y aumentar las ventas online de proveedores del sector. El proyecto comienza con la identificación del problema existente en nuestra sociedad, se hicieron una serie de entrevistas para validar como problemática, asimismo se desarrolló el diseño de la plataforma web y validar la misma también mediante entrevistas a nuestros segmentos de clientes y desarrolladores web. Por otro lado, se realizó la validación del problema y propuesta de valor mediante mapa de valor y perfil de cliente de cada uno de nuestros segmentos. Seguido de la validación del Business Model Canvas para poder demostrar que el negocio puede funcionar y está listo para hacerlo. Asimismo, se realizó ventas mediante la plataforma web y redes sociales por 4 semanas, las cuales nos han permitido el desarrollo de una proyección de ventas por el tiempo propuesto. Por último, se desarrolló de los costos y un plan financiero mensual detallado para poder financiar el proyecto y sus gastos mensuales. / Currently there is a segment of people, couples with marriage purposes, that is not being evaluated by emerging companies. After a group analysis, we analyzed some problems in the wedding industry that are not being addressed. Among the main ones is the lack of digitization of companies providing wedding services and products. Therefore, a research project has been developed to solve this problem with the creation of a web platform where you can find different wedding suppliers selected by categories, and thus facilitate the process of a wedding and increase online sales of suppliers in the sector. The project begins with the identification of the existing problem in our society, with a series of interviews to validate what was raised as a problem, also developed the design of the web platform to provide the service that was raised and validate it also through interviews with our customer segments and web developers. Otherwise, the validation of the problem and value proposition was carried out by means of a value map and customer profile of each of our segments. This was followed by the validation of the Business Model Canvas in order to demonstrate that the business can work and is ready to do so. Likewise, sales were made through the web platform and social networks for 4 weeks, which have allowed us to develop a sales projection for the proposed time. Finally, we developed the costs and a detailed monthly financial plan to finance the project and its monthly expenses. / Trabajo de investigación

Pride and Prejudice has remained one of the most popular literary since it was published due to the concept of shifting social structure. Marriage is one of the most critiqued concepts by different scholars, giving their views on what would be the implication portrayed by Elizabeth Bennet and her influence on Mr. Darcy to marry for love. Marriage is considered the central theme of the novel as different characters engaged in various types of relationships. Among the female characters, Elizabeth proves that wealth and social standing are not mandatory advantages in the intricate state of marriage. Appropriately, I shall frame my discussion of Elizabeth’s situation in the context of Feminist Literary Criticism Theory. The theory advocates for a paradigm shift in women’s position in society. The research argues that Elizabeth is a forerunner of change. She survives the afflictions women faced in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries in a male-dominated culture. Elizabeth contradicts other women characters in the novel who are more accustomed to social formalities. As a harbinger of change, she advocates for a feminist mindset and a transformation of the roles and positions of women in society. The multifaceted role that she plays in the novel normalizes the ideology that women deserve the same treatment as men and that they too can achieve their goals by deviating from gender norms imposed by traditions. / <p>Slutgiltigt godkännandedatum: 2022-11-14</p>

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Ce mémoire de maîtrise vise à contribuer aux études rituelles et à l’anthropologie du sécularisme. Sur la base d’une recherche ethnographique menée au Québec, nous étudions la pratique des officiants de rites de passage séculiers qui opèrent en dehors de la religion organisée. Il s’agit de comprendre comment ceux-ci renouvèlent les rites de passage en dehors d’un appui ou d’une régulation institutionnels. Nous traitons des cérémonies de naissance et de mariage et cherchons spécifiquement à étudier comment ces célébrants, tels qu’ils se décrivent, recourent à l’innovation et à la créativité rituelle pour offrir des rites porteurs de sens dans un contexte social marqué par une hétérogénéité de sensibilités religieuses. En effet, les célébrants séculiers s’adressent à des individus distanciés de la religion instituée et doivent donc satisfaire leurs valeurs, croyances et visions du monde ainsi que celles des membres de leur entourage encore proches de la tradition catholique. Les résultats de cette recherche qualitative se basent sur un échantillon de dix célébrants séculiers établis au Québec et présentant une diversité d’approches et de contextes de pratique. La collecte de données est basée sur des entretiens semi-dirigés ainsi que des observations effectuées auprès d’eux. Cette étude montre que les célébrants les plus créatifs sont motivés par la dimension sociale et spirituelle de la célébration plutôt que par des motifs économiques. Même s’ils opèrent en atomes libres, ils s’inscrivent dans un nouveau paradigme rituel plus large observé par Catherine Bell (2009). Celui-ci est axé sur les éléments suivant : une conception du rite qui dépasse la frontière du religieux et devient un moyen universel d’épanouissement du soi et du collectif ; un rite de passage qui est conçu comme un processus transformationnel et réflexif pour les principaux participants; une fonction sociale du rite qui se manifeste dans la consolidation du relationnel et un registre d’authenticité alors que les croyances religieuses deviennent secondaires ; une autorité du célébrant qui diminue en faveur de celle des participants ; une dimension expérientielle et participative du rite qui est fortement investie. / This master thesis aims at making a contribution to ritual studies and the anthropology of secularism. The ethnographic research I present is based in Quebec and centers on new specialists of secular rites of passage, who are ritual makers that practice outside of organized religion. My central objective is to understand how these self-described celebrants creatively contribute to the practice of rites of passage, without relying purely on institutional support or regulation. The focus of this thesis is on birth and wedding ceremonies. I present how these celebrants use ritual innovation and creativity to offer meaningful rites in a social context marked by diversity with respect to different religious sensitivities. Indeed, secular celebrants direct their services toward people who are distanced from institutionalized religion and therefore must satisfy their values, beliefs and worldviews, in addition to elder members of the community that may still adhere to catholic traditions. The results of this qualitative research are based on a sample of ten secular celebrants operating in Quebec and displaying a variety of approaches to ritual making. The primary mode of data gathering is through semi-directed interviews and observational interactions with ritual practitioners. This study demonstrates that the social and spiritual dimensions of the wedding and birth celebrations drive the ritual celebrants, rather than purely economical motivations. Even though ritual makers may develop their practice independently from one another, the most innovative celebrants share traits and participate in a larger emerging ritual paradigm observed by Catherine Bell (2009). This paradigm is characterized by a vision where rites of passage are considered a universal means for the empowerment of the self and the community; rites of passage become a transformational as well as reflexive process for the core ritual participants; the social function of ritual is emphasized toward an ideal of authenticity whereas religious beliefs take a secondary importance; the ritual leader loses authority in favour of the participants; the experiential and participatory component of ritual are strongly invested.

Le divorce comme objet d’étude littéraire, la proposition peut surprendre. La répartition distributive des champs et des domaines de pensée exigerait que l’on en fasse, au choix, le sujet d’une réflexion historique, politique, juridique, sociale ou morale. De littérature, il n’est en revanche point question. En 1884, la réhabilitation du divorce dans la législation française est pourtant l’œuvre d’une combinatoire inédite entre politique et littérature. Depuis les tribunes et les colonnes des journaux, dans les essais et dans les livres, la narration des malheurs matrimoniaux d’hommes et de femmes pris dans les tenailles de la loi, se débattant contre une fatalité civile qui contraint leur vie privée et conjugale, crie en faveur du démariage. Alors que les liens entre le récit et la revendication d’une désunion légale sont séculaires, noués notamment dans les œuvres de George Sand, le combat de plumes mené contre l’indissolubilité du mariage va significativement révolutionner la pensée de la littérature à thèse, encourager une réflexion sur la fonction de l’écrivain, sur son rapport au droit, et démontrer le pouvoir de la littérature sur les mœurs et sur la rédaction des lois. Outil d’analyse précieux pour comprendre le fait intellectuel, littéraire et narratif des débuts de la IIIe République, le motif du démariage sert de plus l’étude de la représentation de la conjugalité dans le récit français de la fin du XIXe siècle. Devenu légal, le divorce bouleverse en effet l’imaginaire du récit de mœurs privées et inaugure de nouvelles situations narratives : la rencontre avec l’ancien époux, la jalousie du nouveau mari, la seconde nuit de noces, le passé sexuel de la femme deviennent bientôt les lieux communs et les lois narratives du genre. La promulgation du divorce éprouve néanmoins rudement les coutumes narratives françaises : en offrant une solution au récit d’adultère, le divorce brise un modèle narratif séculaire, et oblige le récit à repenser ses fatalités et ses formes. / Divorce as an object of literary study, the proposal may surprise. The distinctiveness of fields and areas of research requires that a choice be made to study the question from a historical, political, legal, social or moral point of view. Literature, however, is never even considered. In 1884, the rehabilitation of divorce in French legislation was the result of an unusual combination of politics and literature. From the editorials and columns of the newspapers, in essays and in books, the narration of matrimonial misfortunes of men and women caught strangled by the law, wrestling against a civil inevitability that constrains their private and conjugal life, clamors for un-marriage. While the ties between literature and the claims for legal disunion are secular, linked in the works of George Sand, the battle of pens fighting against the indissolubility of marriage will significantly change the thinking of engaged literature and encourage a reasoning on the role of the writer, his relation to the law, and to demonstrate the power of literature on morals and the drafting of legislation.As a valuable analytical tool to understand the intellectual, literary and narrative aspects of the beginnings of the Third Republic, the un-marriage topic can be used to study the representation of conjugality in the French narrative of the end of the 19th century. Henceforth legal, divorce in fact transforms the imagination of literature on private morals and inaugurates new narrative situations: the encounter with the former husband, the jealousy of the new husband, the second wedding night, and the sexual past of the woman, all soon become common practice in the literary genre. The promulgation of divorce nevertheless rudely tests French narrative customs: by offering a solution to stories of adultery, divorce breaks a secular narrative model, and obliges literature to rethink its fatalities and its forms.

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本研究主要是探討消費者對「無形服務」的外部資訊搜尋行為。根據文獻回顧，將影響外部資訊搜尋的決定因素分為四類：成本效益因素（預期搜尋利益、時間壓力及財務壓力）、消費者心理層面因素（涉入程度及知覺風險）、中介層面因素（消費者知識經驗）以及人口統計變項（性別、年齡、教育程度及所得水準）來分析與外部資訊搜尋行為之間的關係。而研究標的則選擇婚紗攝影業，乃因婚紗攝影在每個人的一生中具有其重要含意，加上產品屬較高價位，故消費者在決定選購之前，會有較明顯的資訊搜尋行為。 本研究採郵寄問卷的方式來搜集樣本，並以複迴歸分析、因徑分析、雙因子變異數分析、及對比檢定來進行統計分析。盼能藉此研究一方面提供服務業一個消費者行為的分析架構，以助其擬定較佳的行銷策略；另一方面希望將「有形產品」的消費者資訊搜尋行為研究延伸至「無形服務」，並與過去在「有形產品」方面的研究結果做一比較，以供未來學術研究參考。 而實證結果發現，心理層面的因素包括消費者涉入程度及消費者知覺風險對外部資訊搜尋行為的解釋力最高。且各層面外部資訊搜尋決定因素與「主觀」的資訊搜尋行為之間的關連性與解釋能力較「客觀」的資訊搜尋行為來得強。此外，雖然以往文獻中所提的資訊搜尋決定因素在本研究中各層面逐一檢定時顯著性多半獲得支持，但合併檢驗時，在客觀資訊搜尋行為方面，只有預期利益、消費者涉入程度兩者呈顯著；在主觀資訊搜尋行為方面則僅有涉入程度及知識經驗呈顯著，可見決定消費者對無形服務的資訊搜尋行為決定因素只有關鍵的幾項，並非所有變數均為決定因素。 在中介層面變項－消費者知識經驗的檢定方面，本研究結果支持了「消費者知識經驗」是其涉入程度與主觀外部資訊搜尋努力程度的中介變項，亦即消費者的涉入程度是透過其消費者知識經驗來影響其主觀外部資訊搜尋努力程度之高低。 而在自變數間交互作用的分析方面，消費者涉入程度與知覺風險具加乘效果，亦即涉入程度高且知覺風險高的消費者其外部資訊搜尋行為會較其他消費者來得多。此外，本研究亦證明了高涉入的消費者其主觀外部搜尋行為與其知識經驗之間的關係為倒Ｕ型。 / This thesis examines the determinants of consumer information search forintangible goods.The emperical model includes such factors that influence the consumer external search behavior: perceiced benefits, time cost, financial cost, invlovement, perceiced risk, knowledge, age, gender,and income. The results find that the main determinant factor are involvement and perceived benefit.

Eudora Welty’s characterization of George Fairchild (Delta Wedding) queers the heroic masculine ideal, St George, whose legendary exploits have been popularized in narrative literature, Catholic iconography, and children’s fairy tale. Lauded by the Fairchild women for his “difference,” George’s sexuality offers him an identity apart from the suffocating Fairchild family myth. George Fairchild’s queer sexuality and homoeroticism augments our critical understanding of Delta Wedding, the character, as well as other characters. The author’s subtly politicized construction of the novel’s ostensible hero subverts literary tradition, the gender binary, and patriarchal myth.