Thesis (M.Ed.)--Kutztown State College, 1970. / Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 45-06, page: 2699. Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 80-83)

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As the research part of my thesis work, I had the opportunity to be involved in the Manhattan Ferry Terminal design undertaken by the New York City firm Schwartz Architects. Being a gateway to Manhattan, the Whitehall Ferry Terminal's psychological impact consists of elements that invoke a notion of arrival in people. An analysis of historical gateway examples from Ancient to Modern times shows their similarity with the architectural symbols used in the design. Those macro symbols of the gate are the metaphors of Edge, Destination, Gathering, Information, Flow and Lights. The analysis of macro elements led to a discovery of the micro architectural factors used in the smaller scale of the Ferry Terminal design. The analysis has provided several conclusions:1. In the design process, the architect uses a knowledge-base to choose architecturalelements that will support the symbolic message of a structure built on a specific site. 2. The number of these elements is infinite and the architect uses his or her experienceto choose the most appropriate elements that will support the intended message.3. Both overall and detailed analyses in the design process are oriented to produce thedesired impression of gateway.4. Comparison of historical examples and elements used in Whitehall Ferry Terminal design shows that impressions created by architecture are constant throughout history and always executed using contemporary technology. / Department of Architecture

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This dissertation explores how colonial administrators on each side of the Atlantic used the British Survey of North America to serve their governments’ as well as their personal objectives. Specifically, it connects the execution and oversight of the General Survey in the northern and southern theatres, along with the intelligence it provided, with the actions of key decision-makers and influencers, including the Presidents of the Board of Trade (latterly, the Secretaries of the American Department) and key provincial governors. Having abandoned their posture of ‘Salutary Neglect’ towards colonial affairs in favour of one that proactively and more centrally sought ways to develop and exploit their North American assets following the Severn Years’ War, the British needed better geographic information to guide their decision making. Thus, the General Survey of British North America, under the umbrella of the Board of Trade, was conceived. Officially sponsored from 1764-1775, the programme aimed to survey and analyse the attributes and economic potential of Britain’s newly acquired regions in North America, leading to an accurate general map of their North American empire when joined to other regional mapping programmes. The onset of the American Revolution brought an inevitable end to the General Survey before a connected map could be completed. Under the excellent leadership of Samuel Holland, the surveyor general of the Northern District, however, the British administration received surveys and reports that were of great relevance to high-level administration. In the Southern District, Holland’s counterpart, the mercurial William Gerard De Brahm, while producing reports of high quality, was less able to juggle the often conflicting priorities of provincial and London-based stakeholders. Consequently, results were less successful. De Brahm was recalled in 1771, leaving others to complete the work.