This report describes the major steps used in the Army’s LSS methodology, provides a brief overview of the Unaccompanied Personnel Housing and the Army Family Housing and briefly describes some of the initial steps intended to start improving the process. In the improvement phase, two detailed models (The EOQ Model and the Hadley and Whitin (Q,r) Model) used for inventory management are discussed. This report also provides a series of recommendations that include suggestions for baseline inventory levels, some ideas for future data collection, example improvements to some data input sheets as well as a few tasks for UPH and AFH managers to reduce cost and improve the overall efficiency of the system. / text

Ο προγραμματισμός παραγωγής και ελέγχου αποθεμάτων αποσκοπεί στην εύρεση της “χρυσής τομής” μεταξύ δυο αντιφατικών στόχων, από πλευράς ελαχιστοποίησης του συνολικού κόστους λειτουργίας μιας επιχείρησης: της μείωσης απ’ τη μια του διαθέσιμου αποθέματος και της ύπαρξης απ’ την άλλη ικανής ποσότητας διαθέσιμων αγαθών έτσι ώστε να καλύπτεται η ζήτησή τους στην αγορά. Ο συμβιβασμός μεταξύ αυτών των δυο στόχων επιτυγχάνεται με την δημιουργία κατάλληλων μαθηματικών κανόνων για τη χρονική (πότε;) και ποσοτική (πόσο;) διακίνηση του αποθέματος. Για την επίλυσή του έχουν προταθεί διάφορα μαθηματικά μοντέλα, τα οποία ποσοτικοποιούν τις παραμέτρους κόστους και εκφράζουν το συνολικό κόστος λειτουργίας της επιχείρησης με τη χρήση μιας συνάρτησης η οποία βελτιστοποιείται με εφαρμογή μαθηματικών μεθόδων. Η παρούσα εργασία επικεντρώνεται στην παρουσίαση των πιο ευρέως χρησιμοποιούμενων, προσδιοριστικών μοντέλων (όλες οι παράμετροι του συστήματος είναι γνωστές σταθερές) ενώ ο ορίζοντας σχεδιασμού θεωρείται πεπερασμένος. Στο πρώτο κεφάλαιο της παρούσας εργασίας παρουσιάζονται τα γενικά χαρακτηριστικά ενός προβλήματος παραγωγής και αποθήκευσης καθώς επίσης τα σχετικά με αυτό κόστη. Στο δεύτερο κεφάλαιο ακολουθεί η παρουσίαση των μοντέλων της Οικονομικής Ποσότητας Παραγγελίας, στα οποία θεωρείται ότι η ζήτηση πραγματοποιείται με ένα σταθερό ρυθμό και ότι το απόθεμα επιθεωρείται διαρκώς (ο χρόνος θεωρείται συνεχής). Αντίθετα, στα μοντέλα του τρίτου κεφαλαίου ο ορίζοντας σχεδιασμού χωρίζεται σε τακτά χρονικά διαστήματα, δηλαδή γίνεται η παραδοχή ότι ο χρόνος είναι διακριτός. Τέλος, στο τέταρτο αντιστοιχείται σε κάθε μοντέλο που αναλύθηκε στα προηγούμενα κεφαλαία, μια ολοκληρωμένη εφαρμογή η οποία επιλύεται λεπτομερώς. / Programmising the production and stock control aims to find the “golden mean” between two contradictory goals : as far as minimizing the total service expenses of a company is concerned, reduce the available cost, and on the other hand the existence of another one adequate quantity of available goods, so that their demand in the market can be covered. The compromising between these two goals can be achieved with the creation of appropriate mathematic rules about the time (when?) and amount (how much?) stock circulation. In order to achieve this compromising, many mathematical models have been proposed which quantify the subsiding costs and express the total service expenses of the company, using a function which is constantly being improved with the application of mathematical methods. The present project focuses on the presentation of the most widely used defining models, while the designing horizon is considered to be passed by. In the first part of the present project appear the general characteristics of a problem concerning the production and saving, as well as the relevant costs. The second part includes the presentation of the model about the Economic Order Quantity, in which it is regarded that demand is accomplished with a steady pace, and that the stock is constantly being checked (time is regarded to be continuous). On the other hand, in the model of the third part, the designing horizon is divided in regular time spaces, reaching the conclusion that time is apparent significant. Finally in the last part, each model analyzed in the previous chapters, is matched with a complete application, being solved in detail.

Submitted by DIEGO FELISBINO FRAGA null (diegofraga@fazu.br) on 2016-03-08T21:00:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Diego_Felisbino_Fraga.pdf: 1816202 bytes, checksum: 645838702bb204f2d81827bcc74d32f0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Grisoto (grisotoana@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-03-09T18:05:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 fraga_df_dr_jabo.pdf: 1816202 bytes, checksum: 645838702bb204f2d81827bcc74d32f0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-09T18:05:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 fraga_df_dr_jabo.pdf: 1816202 bytes, checksum: 645838702bb204f2d81827bcc74d32f0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-22 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / O Controle Biológico Natural, ou Conservativo, é uma ferramenta indispensável para o sucesso do Manejo Integrado de Pragas, pois permite uma interação entre os componentes do ambiente, o que o coloca na linha de frente das táticas e estratégias de manejo de pragas em agroecossistemas. Basicamente, esta interação, denominada interação tritrófica, envolve as plantas, os organismos fitófagos e seus inimigos naturais. Neste contexto, diversos fatores são importantes para o controle biológico, tais como condições abióticas e bióticas, destacando-se características das plantas (compostos metabólitos secundários e arquitetura, por exemplo) e potenciais presas/hospedeiros (semioquímicos, etc.). Inimigos naturais podem utilizar estes recursos durante o seu processo de busca e localização do hospedeiro, de modo que o conhecimento sobre o comportamento de inimigos naturais em função da fenologia e arquitetura das plantas, bem como sobre o potencial de voláteis emitidos por plantas e presas é fundamental para um programa de manejo integrado de pragas. Desta forma, o presente trabalho teve por objetivos: a) avaliar a dinâmica populacional e a distribuição vertical de ovos de Chrysodeixis includens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) e de seus ovos parasitados por Trichogramma spp. (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) na cultura da soja; b) determinar a resposta comportamental do percevejo predador Orius insidiosus (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) para voláteis associados à Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). Sendo assim, em Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil, durante as safras agrícolas de 2012/13 e 2013/14, foram realizadas coletas de ovos de C. includens presentes em diferentes terços das plantas de soja, durante diferentes estádios fenológicos da cultura. Semanalmente, o número de ovos presentes nas plantas foi anotado e os mesmos eram coletados e levados para laboratório para aguardar a emergência de lagartas ou de adultos de Trichogramma spp. O número de adultos do parasitoide emergido por ovo era registrado, bem como a razão sexual. Os adultos foram identificados ao nível específico, encontrando-se a espécie Trichogramma pretiosum presente na cultura da soja. Fêmeas de C. includens preferiram ovipositar com mais intensidade nos terços médio e inferior das plantas, principalmente durante os estádios reprodutivos da cultura. O parasitismo de ovos por T. pretiosum apresentou uma tendência semelhante, em que a medida que se aumentou a densidade de ovos de C. includens nas plantas, também elevou-se o número médio de ovos parasitados, indicando uma forte correlação positiva entre a praga e o inimigo natural. Para atingir o segundo objetivo desta tese, e fornecer alternativas para o controle biológico de H. halys, um pentatomídeo invasor nos EUA, foram conduzidos experimentos para testar a atratividade de O. insidiosus para voláteis emitidos pela presa e por plantas de feijoeiro atacadas por ela. Foram conduzidos experimentos em casa-de-vegetação, laboratório e em campo, em que foi identificado altas concentrações do composto tridecano. Foi avaliado a atratividade de O. insidiosus para diferentes concentrações deste composto, bem como os efeitos desta atração na predação de ovos. Foi observado que O. insidiosus é atraído por tridecano, no entanto, esta atração não afeta a predação de ovos, em casa de vegetação e no campo. / Natural ou Conservative Biological Control is a valuable tool for the success of Integrated Pest Management as it allows a natural interaction between the components of the environment, which places it at the forefront of the tactics and pest management strategies in agroecosystems. This interaction, so-called tritrophic interaction, involves plants, phytophagous organisms and their natural enemies. In this context several factors are important for biological control, such as biotic and abiotic conditions, highlighting plant characteristics (secondary metabolites compounds and plant architecture, for example) and possible prey/hosts (semiochemicals, etc.). Natural enemies can use this information during the its host foraging behavior, so the knowledge of the behavior of natural enemies according to the phenology and plant architecture as well as potential volatiles emitted by prey plants and potential is key for an integrated pest management program. Thus, this study aimed to: a) assess the population dynamics and vertical distribution of natural biological control of Chrysodeixis includens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) eggs by Trichogramma spp. (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) in soybean field; b) determine the behavioral response of the predator Orius insidiosus (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) for volatile associated with Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). Thus, in Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil, during the growing seasons of 2012/2013 and 2013/2014, samples were taken from C. includens eggs present on different thirds of soybean plants during different phenological stages of the crop. Weekly, number of eggs present in plants was recorded and the eggs were collected ant taken to the laboratory to await the emergence of larvae or adult Trichogramma spp. The number of adult Trichogramma spp. emerged per egg was noted, as was the sex ratio. The adults were identified to species level, finding Trichogramma pretiosum as the main species present in soybeans. Females of C. includens intensively preferred to lay eggs in the middle and lower thirds of the plants, especially during the reproductive stages of soybean plants. Egg parasitism by T. pretiosum presented a similar tendency, which as the C. includens eggs density increased in plants, also increased the average number of parasitized eggs, indicating a strong positive correlation between the pest and the natural enemy. To achieve the second objective of this thesis, and provide alternatives for the biological control of H. halys (an invasive pentatomid in the US). experiments were conducted to test the attractiveness of O. insidiosus to volatiles emitted by the prey and bean plants attacked by it. Experiments were conducted under greenhouse, laboratory and field conditions. It was identified that tridecane was the major compound in damage-bean pods as well as on H. halys. The attractiveness of O. insidiosus was evaluated for different concentrations of this compound as well as the effects of this attraction as predators of eggs. It was observed that O. insidiosus is attracted to tridecane, however, this attraction not poisitivamente affected the predation of eggs in the greenhouse and in the field. / CNPq: 164869/2014-0