Under det senaste decenniet har kvinnor gjort ett utträde på arbetsmarknaden. De har gått från att vara hemmafruar till yrkesarbetande. Närmare 1,2 miljoner kvinnor var hemmafruar i Sverige på 1960-talet, idag är de endast 48 000. Jag ville ta reda på vad det innebär att var hemmafru idag för hemmafruarna själva. Jag har utgått från min frågeställning; Vad innebär det att vara hemmafru idag? Hur ser de på förväntningarna som riktas mot dem? Vad finns det för mål och motiv för dessa kvinnor att bli hemmafruar? Hur upplever de sin position som hemmafruar? Jag har genomfört mitt arbete utifrån Grundad teori då jag ville få fatt i vad det innebär för dagens hemmafruar själva utan att utgå från någon bestämd teori. För att få fram detta har jag intervjuat fem kvinnor. Resultatet visade att dagens hemmafru är en kvinna som under en fas i livet har valt att stanna hemma från arbetslivet för att ta hand om sina barn, ett val som de haft ekonomisk möjlighet att välja i kombination med att de upplever att det dem gör har ett värde samt att det är meningsfullt. De har valt en livsföring utifrån det som har ett värde för dem.

These poems deal with a marriage between a man and a woman and the disintegration of that marriage. Most of the poems are told from the perspective of the wife as she makes sense of her changing roles and titles. There is a shift toward the end of the thesis when she grows tired of speaking for the two of them. It is here where the poems shift from first person to third person.

The majority of companies in Taiwan are small and medium businesses, and most of companies are run by couples. Therefore, it is very common to see boss¡¦s wife in the company. Nonetheless the boss¡¦s wife puts different amounts of effort in the family field and the work field depending on the amount of her participation in managing family business and which stages of the family life cycle she is in. That is, the boss¡¦s wife frequently has a trade off between family and work life. The purpose of this study is to discover what kinds of conflicts the boss¡¦s wife experiences when looking after both work and family and how they cope with conflicts and thus balances their work and family life. This study has adapted case study method, a way of qualitative research to collect and analyze data. The propositions are as follows: Proposition 1: If the boss¡¦s wife takes her participation in family business, it is the extension of family responsibility, and they will be involved in managing the company. Proposition 2: Housekeeping is remained as the boss¡¦s wife¡¦s major responsibility. However, the boss and his parents will lower their expectations of housekeeping quality in order to lessen the loading of the boss¡¦s wife in the family field. Proposition 3: Motivated by family responsibilities, the boss¡¦s wife will look after both family and family business. Proposition 4: Prerequisites of maternity and intentions to take on the family role first, even if the permeability of family boundary is higher, the work and family conflicts come mainly from family interference with work, not vice versa. Proposition 5: One of characteristics embedded in the boss¡¦s wife¡¦ work is work-family boundary ambiguity. Proposition 6: It is because the boss is considerate to the fact that his wife is too busy to look after both the work filed and the family filed and vice versa, spouses can eliminate each other¡¦s role conflicts.

Small to median enterprises have been played an important role in Taiwan¡¦s economic development. There are quite many studies about the characters of small to median enterprise in Taiwan these years. However, there is a common fact that has been ignored for a long time, which is the economic activity involving degree of boss¡¦s wives is fairly high. Not only the high participating rates, but also the influential roles they play in practical economic activities. There are still few studies talk about boss¡¦s wife from the managerial view. Therefore, to combine the related literatures, with the deep interviews with boss¡¦s wives, this thesis wants to draw a vivid picture of the managerial roles, managerial capacities and how do they really work of boss¡¦s wives in the small to median enterprise from the managerial angle. Besides, the studies about boss¡¦s wife are mostly general descriptions. There are no comparisons between different types of boss¡¦s wives. Hence, will boss¡¦s wives of different types play different roles in their own companies is also a topic that this thesis wants to discuss. Consequently, the following propositions are proposed in the terms of the inductive inference of interviewing with the fifteen boss¡¦s wives and reviewing the related literature extensively. Proposition 1¡GThe main tasks of the boss¡¦s wife in self-own company are financial management, key job management and internal affair management. To compare with business functions, those tasks are focused on partial produce management, human resource management and financial management. Proposition 2¡GThe division of labor of boss and boss¡¦s wife highlights the complementarity. Boss¡¦s wife helps boss with company affair. She always do the things that boss can not do or he doesn¡¦t want to do. Proposition 3:¡GThe content of tasks and roles of boss¡¦s wife in the small to median enterprise will change when the company is going to enlarge or become more stable. The tasks of boss¡¦s wife become simpler and more invisible. Boss¡¦s wives only focus on financial management and supervision then. Proposition 4¡GThe managerial roles of boss¡¦s wife in the small to median enterprise can be divided into two groups: apparent and invisible roles. The apparent roles are the authority possessor with no formal position, internal communication channel and parents who take care of employee. The invisible roles are substitute and adviser for boss. Proposition 5¡GDue to focusing on low professional skill activities, internal affair and employee management, the management capacities that boss¡¦s wife highlights are interpersonal skill, communication skill and conceptual skill. The weak point is technical skill. As to the managerial level, the high, middle and low level are all included in the managerial roles that boss¡¦s wife play in small to median enterprise. Proposition 6¡GThe boss¡¦s wife with related professional background has more participation in the core value related jobs. And the boss¡¦s wife with professional financial background has played the more influential role in the financial management. Proposition 7¡GAs to the decision making, boss¡¦s wife with related professional experiences has more right of participating and predominating. Boss¡¦s wife with financial professional has played the professional financial adviser for boss. And the boss¡¦s wife with no special background has no particular emphasis on tasks content and decision making. Proposition 8¡GAs to the usage of professional capacities, related background do help boss¡¦s wives with their jobs a lot. And the boss¡¦s wife with no related experiences needs to get more professional knowledge and skills through self-learning and groping.

Taiwan¡¦s small and medium enterprises play an important role in the development of Taiwan economy, and the entrepreneurs and their wives predominate the growth of enterprises with no doubt. Generally, it is convinced that entrepreneur¡¦s wife that is so called ¡§Boss¡¦s Wife¡¨ not only gives the support to her husband in spirit but helps and gets involved in the management or enterprise. The objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between leadership and organizational citizenship organization considering the effect of boss¡¦s wife¡¦s management in Taiwan¡¦s small and medium enterprises. Both qualitative and quantitative methods are used is this study. Three intensive interviews were made to reveal the real sources of management participation from boss¡¦s wife and the reflection of organization citizenship behavior from the employees, and furthermore the implication between leadership and organizational citizenship behavior. Questionnaire survey is used to obtain quantitative data to exam the discovery from case study. Moreover, there is a need for a generic theory development that the contribution of the prosperity of Taiwan¡¦s small and medium enterprises is partly brought by Boss¡¦s Wife¡¦s leadership behavior. The findings are as follows: (1)Leadership behavior of benevolence and moral have positive correlation with organizational citizenship behavior. (2)Leadership behavior of authoritarianism has negative correlation with organizational citizenship behavior. (3)Participative management and leadership behavior have positive correlation. (4)Participative management and organizational citizenship behavior have positive correlation.

Part of habilitation - Universität, Regensburg, 2001.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2000. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 152-160). Available also in a digital version from Dissertation Abstracts.

No description available.

Who was Fulvia? Was she the politically aggressive and dominating wife of Mark Antony as Cicero and Plutarch describe her? Or was she a loyal mother and wife, as Asconius and Appian suggest? These contrasting accounts in the ancient sources warrant further investigation. This thesis seeks to explore the nature of Fulvia’s role in history to the extent that the evidence permits. Fulvia is most famous for her activities during Antony’s consulship (44 BC) and his brother Lucius Antonius’ struggle against C. Octavian in the Perusine War (41-40 BC). But there is a discrepancy among the authors as to what extent she was actually involved. Cicero, Octavian and Antony, who were all key players in events, provide their own particular versions of what occurred. Later authors, such as Appian and Dio, may have been influenced by these earlier, hostile accounts of Fulvia. This is the first study in English to make use of all the available evidence, both literary and material, pertaining to Fulvia. Modern scholarship has a tendency to concentrate almost exclusively on events towards the end of Fulvia’s life, in particular the Perusine War, about which the evidence is much more abundant in later sources such as Appian and Dio. However, to do this ignores the importance of her earlier activities which, if studied more fully, can help to explain her later actions in the 40’s BC. This thesis is divided into five chapters. The first provides an introduction to the topic and a biography of Fulvia. The second is a review of the modern scholarship on Fulvia. The third focuses on the contemporary sources, both the literary evidence from Cicero, Cornelius Nepos and Martial, as well as the surviving material evidence, namely the sling bullets found at Perusia and a series of coins that may depict Fulvia in the guise of Victoria. The fourth is a discussion of those authors born after Fulvia’s death in 40 BC, of whom the most important are Plutarch, Appian, and Dio. The fifth provides a conclusion to the thesis, and returns to the questions posed above in light of the analysis of the sources provided throughout the thesis. It concludes that Fulvia played a significant role in events, particularly from Antony’s consulship onwards, and that her actions were deliberate and politically motivated. Moreover, while these actions were done on her husbands’ behalf, she nevertheless exhibited a remarkable degree of independence. / Thesis (Master, Classics) -- Queen's University, 2007-12-17 15:08:34.021

This thesis is a result of a Minor Field Study with the purpose to examine the transnational labour migration by women in the Philippines who seek temporary employment abroad but plan to return to the Philippines after their contracts expired. The thesis is based on three months of anthropological fieldwork primarily in Manila between January and March 2013, using interviews and observations as my main methodological tool. I will reflect over the way in which women labour migration affect the women individually and socially by leaving one context and entering another. Migration places the Filipina outside the domestic sphere within their home country and increases their income-earning power. The Filipina has taken the role as the family’s breadwinner and is thereby challenging dominant gender roles within the Philippine society. The experience being a female migrant enhances their status, makes them stronger, more confident and provides them with the opportunity to make decisions independent of their male partners. Filipinas are being praised by their own society as ‘modern day heroes’, but at the same time blamed for leaving their obligation as dutiful daughters, nurturing mothers and caring wives. Ideas from state and society do not correspond to the reality, namely a reality where women have taken the position as their family’s main breadwinner. Which complicates the ability to induce a change in ideas regarding gender roles for men and women. Conclusively, the female migration has not resulted in a change regarding gender roles within the Philippine society.