La formation des circuits cérébraux, dont l’altération est associée à divers troubles neurologiques et psychiatriques, commence pendant l’embryogenèse. Les microglies sont les macrophages du cerveau et répondent à une inflammation ou une infection par une production de facteurs et une phagocytose active. En plus de leurs fonctions immunitaires, ces cellules ont été récemment impliquées dans l’émergence de troubles associés à des maladies neurodéveloppementales. Elles agissent également sur le remodelage post-natal des circuits neuronaux en phagocytant des synapses et des neurones immatures. Étant donné que les microglies colonisent précocement le cerveau embryonnaire, elles pourraient également participer au développement cérébral précoce. Mes travaux de thèse ont montré que les microglies embryonnaires, par le biais d’une localisation hétérogène, modulent la formation du cerveau antérieur. En effet, l’étude phénotypique comparative in vivo de modèles murins dans lesquels les microglies sont absentes ou leurs fonctions perturbées montrent des défauts de positionnement d’interneurones corticaux et de progression des axones dopaminergiques. De plus, les microglies sont impliquées dans la progression d’un autre faisceau axonal, la capsule externe. Après avoir observé une association très forte entre les microglies et des axones spécifiques, j’ai utilisé deux approches ex vivo et in vivo afin de déterminer si les microglies pourraient agir par phagocytose. Mes résultats montrent que malgré la présence de caractéristiques morphologiques phagocytaires, les microglies ne phagocytent pas les axones de manière intense. Ces travaux suggèrent ainsi que la phagocytose des axones à elle seule ne peut pas expliquer les rôles des microglies sur la croissance axonale. Ce travail, qui montre un rôle anténatal des microglies, révèle une interaction nouvelle entre le développement des systèmes nerveux et immunitaires, et ouvre des perspectives nouvelles pour l’étude sur les mécanismes contrôlant la formation du cerveau en condition physiologique et pathologique. / Brain functioning relies on complex neural circuits that are built during embryogenesis and defects in this process can lead to neurologic or psychiatric disorders. Microglia are the brain resident macrophages, which respond to inflammation and infection by active phagocytosis and secretion of various molecules. In addition to these immune-related functions, microglia were recently involved in the onset of several neuropsychiatric disorders, as well as in postnatal neuronal plasticity, notably through the phagocytosis of developing neurons and synapses. Since microglia colonize the brain during early embryogenesis, they might also participate to the elaboration of neural networks. Here, we reveal that embryonic microglia, via a heterogeneous localization, are modulators of forebrain wiring. Using a cross-comparative analysis of phenotypes induced by either an absence or a perturbation of microglia activity, we showed that microglia directly regulate interneuron positioning as well as dopaminergic axons outgrowth. Moreover, microglia are involved in the formation of another tract, the external capsule. Having observed a strong association between microglia and axons, we combined ex vivo and in vivo approaches in order to decipher whether microglia could act by means of phagocytosis. Despite showing some clear morphological features of intense phagocytosis, our results suggest that microglia do not perform active phagocytosis of axons in vivo. Thus, the phagocytic activity of embryonic microglia by itself is unlikely to explain their role on axonal progression. This study shows for the first time an early prenatal role for microglia and reveal a novel interplay between the central and nervous systems during embryonic development.

The task of this thesis is a design and a construction of a semi-automatic single-purpose machine. This machine is designed for testing seven types of wiring harnesses, which are going to be tested, whether they contain all needed parts. The machine also measures some parts of the harnesses. It is necessary to use more types of sensors in the design and the construction of the single-purpose machine. All controlling and measuring processes are automatic. An operator of the machine just inserts the wiring harness into a fixture, activates the program, then removes controled harness and puts it into the right box. The task of this thesis is solved in a cooperation with Mechatronic Design & Solutions s.r.o. company.

This master's thesis deals with intelligent wiring Foxtrot and use in the field of lighting. The theoretical part is comparsion of classical and intelligent wiring. This section provides an overview of the most widely used bus system for building control in our market. Thesis is devoted to the description of the Foxtrot system and development environment mosaic. In the development environment Mosaic is designed program for lighting control DALI interface. WebMaker enabled program visualization and his remote contorol. The result of practical part is a lab manual.

The output of our work is complete proposal of the building wiring, the photovoltaic power plant proposal and technical report. In the first part we find the theoretical information concerning the proposal of the house wiring, explanations of basic terms and principles of technical documentation. We can find also an overview of known intelligent systems and a brief description. In the second part we describe itself proposal of concrete building, step by step. We can find a description of a created program to control building. The third part is focused on theoretical information about photovoltaics. Here we explain the basic principle, the limits of technology, materials and the panel structure. In the fourth part we proceeded to the actual plant proposal. Here we find the principle and a block diagram of system and description of the components of the plant, evaluation of production and energy consumption. Drawings of the technical documentation wiring as a photovoltaic power plant, distributor scheme and its layout can be found in the technical report, in Attachment.

The objective of this research is to determine and develop a model that is capable of accurately measuring customer satisfaction for different industries and in particularly for the Printed Wiring Boards (PWB) Manufacturers. The new model will incorporate data not being collected or utilized by the survey method of determining customer satisfaction. The method used is a weighted average of satisfaction among several researched categories with percentages that accurately represent the relative importance of multiple facets of the PWB manufacturers customer satisfaction. A very common term in quality assurance is that "What is not measured accurately can not be evaluated or managed correctly," thus customer satisfaction is a very important aspect of any business, industry, or government. A satisfied customer will do more business and recommend it to other potential customers. Thus the business will grow and more revenues result. On the other hand, an unsatisfied customer will abandon the business and encourage more customers not to get involved with the same business so the business may decline and lose its market share and profitability. The categories that contribute to PWB customer satisfaction will be determined by conducting surveys among the leaders and best in the business of the PWB industry in addition to discovery of related articles that define the categories of the customer satisfaction for the PWB manufacturers. Once the categories are determined, the research concentrates on the weighting of the categories that most contribute to the PWB customer's satisfaction and a measure of satisfaction is derived. The model is easily applied to any other kind of PWB business or service industry. The model is based on empirical methods that will give an accurate measurement for the PWB customer's satisfaction. This in turn allows organizations the opportunity for improving customer satisfaction and increasing market share. The algorithm is based on characteristics deemed important by customers. Thus the customer satisfaction index can be computed and monitored on a regular basis without costly surveys. The major difference between this new model and the standard methods of determining customer satisfaction using the surveys is that this model will utilize data available with the proposals, sales, shipping, receiving, quality, engineering, manufacturing, and purchasing departments. The developed method to measure customer satisfaction utilizing internal data can be more cost effective, more accurate, can provide individual customer satisfaction scores, can measure whether or not these individual scores are statistically lower than the majority, and can provide satisfaction measures in real time none of which can be supplied by the survey method.

Biological systems are commonly represented using networks consisting of interactions between various elements in the system. Reverse engineering, a method of mathematical modeling, is used to recover how the elements in the biological network are connected. These connections are encoded using wiring diagrams, which are directed graphs that describe how elements in a network affect one another. A signed wiring diagram provides additional information about the interactions between elements relating to activation and inhibition. Due to cost concerns, it is optimal to gain insight into biological networks with as few experiments and data as possible. Minimal wiring diagrams identify the minimal sets of variables for which a model that fits the data exists. Previously established algorithms to compute possible minimal wiring diagrams rely on the primary decomposition of ideals in polynomial rings. Stanley-Reisner theory provides a one-to-one correspondence between squarefree monomial ideals and abstract simplicial complexes. In this work, we use this correspondence to determine conditions under which a given set of inputs is guaranteed to have a unique signed minimal wiring diagram, regardless of the output assignment.

This thesis addresses many issues associated with finite element techniques, concentrating on ideas that are not often emphasized in the literature. Pulling together the ideas of mesh generation, sparse storage solution techniques, and functional development, in a single volume, this work provides basic tools for implementation of finite element techniques for both static and dynamic problems in electromagnetics. An automatic mesh generation scheme is developed by forming a Delaunay triangulation. A storage technique will be presented and used In conjunction with a conjugate gradient method to solve linear systems of equations. Application to electromagnetic problems will be demonstrated in the static, quasi-static, and full-field regimes. Laplace's equation is solved for various transmission line geometries to obtain capacitance and characteristic impedance. A finite element model that is a full field expression of Maxwell's equations is developed through a novel variational formulation involving the method of Lagrange multipliers, with attention given to the physical basis of the obtained functional. This model is then applied to the problem of determining the propagation constant of a waveguide. / Master of Science

The cell cycle of eukaryotes consists of alternation between growth and DNA replication (interphase), and DNA distribution and cell-division (mitosis or M-phase). This process is regulated by a complex network of biochemical reactions. A core part of this network, called the "Cell Cycle engine" is evolutionarily conserved. The dimer of CDK1 (a protein kinase) and Cyclin proteins (the regulatory components), called M-phase Promoting Factor (MPF), and its key regulatory proteins Cdc25 and Wee1, are central parts of this cell cycle engine. Maintaining the fidelity of the DNA during the cell cycle is critical for successful propagation of the cell lineage. In the presence of unreplicated DNA, the cell cycle engine''s progress into mitosis is slowed down (or halted) by regulation of MPF activity through Cdc25 and Wee1. This regulatory event, called the unreplicated DNA checkpoint, was modeled in a rudimentary fashion in the Novak and Tyson (1993) model of frog eggs. Since then, many new experiments have uncovered relevant parts of this network. Here, we include these parts into a detailed model of the unreplicated DNA checkpoint in the cell cycle of frog-egg extracts. This work and future studies of the unreplicated DNA checkpoint will lead to its better understanding and hopefully to some strategies for tackling cancer. / Master of Science

Trend towards downsizing the product size and at the same time to bring more functionality in electronic products, demands electrically interconnecting several miniaturized electronic components with high counts of I\Os (Input/Out put) on smaller and smaller size printed wiring boards [PWB]. These miniature components occupy lower foot print area but require higher routing interconnection densities. However, the conventional multilayer board technologies exhibit limitations when there is need to connect very high I\O components such as ball grid arrays, which require blind and buried interconnections within the multilayer mono-block. This limitation has given raise to newer methods of multi layer construction. Build–up multilayer PWB is now the technology of choice for enhanced routing capability including blind and buried interlayer connections. Build up methods are based on making very small vias within dielectric layers followed by metalisation. Typically blind and buried vias are very small, and hence called “micro vias” connecting the layers selectively within the multilayer mono-block. Buried vias make the interconnection between the consecutive layers, and blind vias connect the surface layers to any one of the interior layers in the build up multilayer board. If the blind vias are filled with a dielectric, the entire top and bottom surface area becomes available for high -density component mounting. The crux in build up board technologies is the method of creating micro-holes; a micro hole is a hole, which is less than 150 micro meter in diameter. Efforts are made to replace existing metalising techniques with “paste filling” methodologies, which would result in “SOLID CONDUCTING VIAS” CALLED AS “MICRO -INTERCONNECTS” The work reported in this thesis aims at demonstrating one such innovative ‘solid conducting via’ formation without using any of the known micro-hole formation techniques. Based on the results obtained some useful conclusions have been drawn which will perhaps go a long way in the name of “PRINTED PILLAR TECHNOLOGY” a novel methodology for building multilayer suitable for very high I\O components such as “ball grid arrays.”

Projektet har gjorts på uppdrag av Ölandsfärjan AB för att tillverka elscheman för huvudinstrumenttavlan ombord på deras fartyg M/S Solsund. Anledningen till detta var att det inte fanns någon dokumentation om huvudinstrumenttavlan och detta försvårade arbetet med felsökning och underhåll. Därför önskades elscheman som kunde användas för att se skåpets funktioner och uppbyggnad.Uppdraget var att skapa ett layoutschema som beskriver indikeringslampor och knappars fysiska positioner för huvudinstrumenttavlans framsida. Det skulle även skapa ett kretsschema över förbrukardelen och ett kretsschema för kraftförsörjningsdelen som beskriver funktioner och utgående matningar. Kraftförsörjningen består av två generatorer och möjlighet till landanslutning. Det gjordes även separata kretsschema över generatorernas övervakningsskåp som innehöll effektbrytarnas utlösningsskydd. För samtliga scheman gjordes en gemensam apparatlista. För att skapa elscheman så påbörjades uppdraget med detektering av huvudinstrumenttavlan. Arbetsmetoden för detekteringen utfördes genom att visuellt följa eller resistansmäta kablarna. Avslutningsvis ritades den slutliga produkten i datorprogrammet Easy EL. / This project was commissioned by Ölandsfärjan AB to manufacture wiring diagrams for the main switchboard on board their ship M/S Solsund. The reason for this was that there was no documentation found on the main switchboard and this complicated the process of troubleshooting and maintenance. Therefore, Ölandsfärjan AB required wiring diagrams, which could be used to see cabinet functions and the contexture of the wiring.  The task was to create a layout diagram that would be able to provide a description for the physical positions of indicator lights and buttons on the front of the main switchboard. The task was also to create a circuit diagram of the consuming section and a circuit diagram of power supply section of the main switchboard, the purpose for this was to reveal the functions and output feeds. The power supply consists of two generators and also the opportunity for shore connection. Separate circuit diagrams of the generators' control boxes were also constructed for the circuit breaker tripping protection devices. For all diagrams a common device list was made. The project began to create wiring diagrams of the main switchboard. The work methods for the detection were performed by visually monitoring the cables or measuring the cables' resistance. Finally, the diagrams were made in the computer program Easy EL. / Main Switchboard Drawing