Bröstcancer är den vanligaste cancerformen bland kvinnor och den näst vanligaste orsaken till död av cancer hos alla kvinnor. Kemoterapi är den viktigaste behandlingen för många maligna tumörer, men förutom deras fördelaktiga resultat orsakar de också relaterad toxicitet och biverkningar. Syftet med litteraturstudien var att belysa hur kvinnor med bröstcancer upplever alopeci till följd av kemoterapi. Det induktiva tillvägagångssättet användes då fokus låg på att förstå mänsklig erfarenhet inom det utvalda området genom att samla fakta. Med hjälp av innehållsanalys analyserades tio kvalitativa vetenskapliga artiklar. Litteraturstudiens resultat presenteras i fem kategorier: alopeci-synen på sig själv, alopeci-andras reaktioner, vikten av att få information om alopeci, strategier för hantering av alopeci, omgivnings betydelse. I resultat framkom att alopeci är en traumatisk upplevelse för de flesta bröstcancerpatienter. Alopeci orsakade en minskning av självkänslan bland kvinnor och ett ökat missnöje med utseendet. Något som också hade en negativ effekt på kvinnor i förhållande till alopeci var att de upplevde att deras identitet förändrades till ”cancerpatient”. / Breast cancer is the most common form of cancer among women and the second most common cause of death in cancer among women. Chemotherapy is the most important treatment for many malignant tumors, but in addition to their results, they also cause related toxicity and side effects. The purpose of the literature study was to shed light on how women with breast cancer experience alopecia as a result of chemotherapy. The inductive approach was used when the focus was on understanding human experience in the selected area by gathering facts. With the help of content analysis, ten qualitative scientific articles were analyzed. The result of the literature study is presented in five categories: the alopecia view of oneself, the reactions of alopecia by others, the importance of getting information about alopecia, strategies for managing alopecia, the significance of the environment. The results showed that alopecia is a traumatic experience for most breast cancer patients. Alopecia caused a decrease in self-esteem among women and increased dissatisfaction with appearance. Something that also had a negative effect on women in relation to alopecia was that they experienced that their identity was changed to "cancer patient".

Five Reform Acts passed over the course of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries gradually increased the size of the British electorate. Negotiations over lowering property, rent, and lodging restrictions led to new Acts that slowly increased the number of Britons deemed worthy to vote. This dissertation examines the extent class and gender were relevant to those negotiations of British citizenship over the course of those five Acts. The project scrutinizes the language used in Parliamentary debates, political pamphlets, and political correspondence to reconstruct the constantly-changing conceptualization of the ideal citizen’s gendered identity in Britain and Europe. This project illuminates the rhetorical battles between the political elite and those who desired admittance to the franchise. The language surrounding those battles highlights the contradictory reasons why certain male and female populations were denied admittance. By examining all these Acts together, this project provides new insight into Parliamentary reform as a political event where the unfixed ideas of Victorian femininity and masculinity can be viewed and assessed in the context of political power.

Det finns stora skillnader i hur ekonomiska resurser fördelas i dam- och herridrotten, trots att fördelningen mellan antalet utövare är mer jämnt fördelad mellan män och kvinnor. Sponsring är en stor och betydande del av de ekonomiska resurserna för idrottsverksamheter, likväl går de största sponsringsinsatserna till herridrotten. Det anses dock finnas en kunskapslucka i vilka marknadsfördelar som kan finnas i sponsring av damidrott. Studiens syfte är därför att ta reda på vilka motiv som kan ligga till grund för att företag väljer att sponsra eller att inte sponsra damidrott, vilka marknadsfördelar det kan leda till att sponsra damidrott samt identifiera potentiella utvecklingsområden för sponsring av damidrott. Forskningsdesignen på denna studie är en kvalitativ metod i form av expertintervjuer som utgick från en semistrukturerad intervjuguide. Det framkom att samhällsnytta och exponering är de vanligaste motiven till sponsring av dam- och herridrott. Då det nuförtiden finns ett större krav på företag att ta ett socialt ansvar anses det vara en fördel till damidrotten. På grund av den höga konkurrensen som finns inom herridrotten har det blivit svårare för sponsorer att urskilja sig från andra konkurrenter i det mediebrus som uppstår. Det anses därför vara en fördel för damidrotten i och med en ökad möjlighet för företag att differentiera sig från övriga konkurrenter. Avslutningsvis kom vi fram till att det finns en stor okunskap generellt om sponsring och om sponsring av damidrott. Både hos företag men också hos rättighetsinnehavare, vilket identifieras som ett utvecklingsområde. / There are substantial differences in how financial resources are distributed in the women’s and men’s sport, even though the number of athletes is more equally distributed between men and women. Sponsorship is a large and significant part of how these investments are distributed as the largest sponsorship efforts go to men’s sport. However, we see a knowledge gap in how market benefits can be used in sponsoring women's sports. The purpose of this study is to find out which motives companies have to sponsor or to not sponsor women's sports, discover what market advantages sponsoring women’s sport can lead to, and identify potential development areas for sponsoring women's sports. This is a qualitative study based on semi-structured interviews with experts. The results of this study reveal that CSR and exposure are the most common motives for sponsoring women's and men’s sports. Since there is now a greater pressure on a company to adopt social responsibility, it is considered to be an advantage to women's sports. Due to the high level of competition that exists in men’s sport, it is more difficult for sponsors to differentiate themselves in the marketing clutter. Sponsoring of women’s sport is then considered to be an advantage. Lastly, the findings of this study show that there is a great deal of ignorance in general about sponsorship and the sponsorship of women's sports, both in companies and also in rightsholders, which can be seen as an area of improvement.

The thesis interrogates how the political dynamics that emerged in the formulation of the 2016 land legislation in Malawi influenced the gendered outcomes. It highlights the complexity of the policymaking process that was shaped by divergent interests and power dynamics of the stakeholders. It argues that although the interests and agenda complicated the process, their discourses were framed and justified their positions within the development and gender equality framework. It highlights the progressive nature of the socio-legal provisions in the legislation by significantly recognising and promoting women’s land rights. It contends that advances in legal institutions are essential; however, for inclusive transformation to be sustainable, changes in social and cultural practices and norms are imperative. This is because Malawian women continue to face exclusion in owning, controlling and accessing land albeit being the major agricultural producers. This is owed to the persistence of patriarchal attitudes in institutions that perpetuate contestation in the public and private spheres of women’s rights to access, own and control over land. Such is persistent particularly within customary laws which remain sites of struggle between traditional leaders’ claims and women’s societal positions. Hence, creating enabling environments for women will allow them to articulate their political voices and agenda and as such influence policy and legal formulation. Through a multi-faceted approach encompassing of legal pluralism, feminist perspectives on gender and development, and the theory of change, the paper discusses the complexity of policymaking that has been shaped by interests and power. For instance, most chiefs contested against their limited powers and the inclusion of women in land administration issues as stipulated in the new Land Laws, while CSOs advocated for the laws to be people-centred, gender-sensitive and responsive to women’s needs. Also, International organisations were interested in ensuring that there is improved land governance framework and its implementation is in line with VGGT. Thus, apparent realities emerge from the analysis of these political dynamics within the adoption of the 2016 Land Laws: the differing stakeholders’ agenda and how they all pressed on advancing their agenda. Nonetheless, gender equality and development discourse was an aspect that was apparent in the debates.

This study aims to shed light on the gendered dynamics of nonviolent resistance and democratisation. Illuminating the role that women can play in the democratisation processes can help underline the importance of women's empowerment.  Therefore, this study aims to answer the research question How can female participation in nonviolent resistance movements lead to a higher likelihood of successful democratisation? I theorise that nonviolent resistance movements enable 1) the elevation of pro-democratic female leaders, and 2) the development of political skills and networks of female participants and women’s organisations. These two factors allow women and women’s groups to continue mobilisation and fight for the institutionalisation of egalitarian democratic norms, which influences democratisation. Using the methods of structured, focused comparison and process tracing, the hypotheses were tested on Brazil’s 1984 Diretas Já Movement and the Philippines' 1986 People Power Revolution. This study found no support for the elevated leader argument, but some support for the development of political skills and networks influencing democratic outcomes. Extra research is warranted to confirm this correlation.

Bakgrund: All professionell idrott är mer eller mindre beroende av sponsorer för att kunna bedriva en bra verksamhet. Problematiken ligger i att herridrotten får en betydligt större del av den totala sponsringssumman. Sponsring inom damidrott är ett relativt outforskat område. Leksands IF är en välkänd förening i Sverige som har ett damlag i den högsta divisionen SDHL. Syfte: Syftet med uppsatsen är att förstå och beskriva vilka faktorer som är avgörande för företag i valet av sponsring av LIF-Dam i ishockey. Teori: Vi har använt oss av teorier som är relevanta för att beskriva och förstå varför företag sponsrar LIF-Dam. Metod: En kvalitativ metod valdes för uppsatsen där intervjuer genomfördes för att få en djupare förståelse om vilka faktorer som är avgörande för sponsring av LIF-Dam. Slutsats: Det finns flera faktorer som spelar in i beslutet att sponsra LIF-Dam. Två faktorer framstår som prominenta: värderingar och samhällsansvar. Det finns fortfarande väldigt mycket kvar att forska om inom detta område. / Background: All professional sports are dependent of sponsorship to run a good operation. One main issue is that men’s sports receive far more of the funds than women’s sports. Sponsorship in women’s sports remain an unexploited area. Leksands IF is a well-known club in Sweden and their women’s team plays in the SDHL. Purpose: The purpose of this essay is to understand and describe factors that are key when a company decides to sponsor LIF-Dam. Theory: We have used theories that are relevant to understand and describe why companies choose to sponsor LIF-Dam. Method: A qualitative method was used in this essay and interviews were made to better understand the different factors that are prominent when deciding to sponsor LIF-Dam. Findings: Several factors were identified of why companies sponsor LIF-Dam. However, two of the factors are prominent: core values and social responsibilities. This area of sponsorship remains unexplored.

Introduction Women’s soccer players need to train comprehensively to cope with the demands that exist during a soccer game. There are several studies on the relationship between muscle strength and jump and sprint ability. However, most studies are performed on male athletes.  Aim The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between muscle strength and jump and sprint ability among elite female soccer players.  Method Nine female soccer players from a Swedish elite level team were included in the study. A quantitative approach in the form of a cross-sectional study was used. The participants performed a vertical jump, a drop jump, a 55-m sprint and a three-repetition maximum (3 RM) barbell squat test. Data collection took place at two different occasions, one at a track and field training facility for jumping and sprint tests, and one in the gym of the team facility for the squat test.  Results Significant correlations were observed between muscle strength and top running speed (r=0.77, p=0.15), 10-m (r=-0.66, p=0.05), 20-m (r=-0.73, p=0.03) and 30-m sprint time (r=-0.76, p=0.02). Muscle strength had non-significant correlation to drop jump (r=0.32, p=0.40) and vertical jump (r=0.40, p=0.28) performance.  Drop jump performance showed significant correlation with top running speed (r=0.72, p=0.03); similar correlation was not observed between vertical jump and top running speed (r=0.55, p=0.13). Sprints and jumping ability did not show a significant correlation; vertical jump and 10-m (r=-0.10, p=0.79), 20-m (r=-0.21, p=0.59) and 30-m sprint time (r=-0.31, p=0.42) respective drop jump and 10-m (r=-0.40, p=0.28), 20-m (r=-0.46, p=0.21) and 30-m sprint time (r=-0.55, p=0.13). Conclusion These results, with support from earlier research, indicated that greater lower body strength (quantified by 3 RM squat) was related to better top running speed and 10-m, 20-m and 30-m sprint time in female soccer players. On the other hand, jumping ability had a non-significant correlation to muscle strength, sprint time or top running speed, with the exception of drop jump performance and top running speed that had a strong correlation. / Introduktion Kvinnliga fotbollsspelare behöver träna allsidigt för att klara av de krav som finns under en fotbollsmatch. Det finns flera studier utförda på samband mellan styrka och hopp- och sprintförmåga. De flesta studier är däremot utförda på manliga idrottare.   Syfte Syftet med studien var att undersöka samband mellan styrka, hopp- och sprintförmåga hos elitidrottsaktiva kvinnliga fotbollsspelare.  Metod Nio (n=9) kvinnliga fotbollsspelare på elitnivå i Sverige tackade ja till att delta i studien. En kvantitativ ansats i form av tvärsnittsstudie användes för att svara på studiens syfte. Deltagarna utförde ett vertikalhopptest, ett drop jump, ett 55 meters sprinttest och ett tre repetition maximal (3 RM) knäböjstest. Datainsamlingen skedde vid två olika tillfällen varav ena var på en friidrottsanläggning för sprint och hopptester och andra i ett gym för knäböjstest.  Resultat Resultatet observerade att 3 RM skivstångsknäböj hade en stark signifikant korrelation med topphastighet (r=0,77, p=0,15) och acceleration 10 m (r=0,66, p=0,05), 20 m (r=-0,73,p=0,03) och 30 m (r=-0,76, p=0,02) och hade en svagare icke-signifikant korrelation med drop jump (r=0,32, p=0,40) och vertikalhopp (r=0,40, p=0,28). Topphastighet hade en signifikant korrelation med drop jump (r=0,72, p=0,03), liknande samband observerades inte med vertikalhopp (r=0,55, p=0,13). Hopptesterna noterade ingen signifikant korrelation till acceleration i studien; vertikalhopp och acceleration 10 m (r=-0,10, p=0,79), 20 m (r=-0,21, p=0,59) och 30 m (r=-0,31, p=0,42) respektive drop jump och acceleration 10 m (r=-0,40, p=0,28), 20 m (r=-0,46, p=0,21) och 30 m (r=-0,55, p=0,13). Slutsats Resultatet i studien ger en indikation till att högre relativ benstyrka, mätt med knäböj, har ett starkt samband till högre topphastighet och snabbare accelerationer upp till 30 m. Hoppförmåga har svagare samband med både styrka, acceleration och topphastighet. Undantag drop jump-test och topphastighet som har en stark korrelation.

Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka hur kvinnojourspersonal arbetar med barn som lever på skyddat boende samt hur de uppfattar att arbetet fungerar i praktiken. Studien utgick ifrån barnperspektivet som teoretisk tolkningsram. Data samlades in genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med kvinnojourspersonal som arbetar på skyddat boende. Materialet analyserades därefter med hjälp av tematisk analys. Sammantaget visade resultatet att arbetet med barnen som lever på skyddat boende ser väldigt olika ut. Viktiga arbetsområden visade sig vara miljön på boendet, att erbjuda olika typer av samtalsstöd, att stötta mammorna och att bedriva någon form av pedagogisk verksamhet. Andra delar i arbetet med barnen som personalen upplevde vara mindre fungerande var samverkan med socialtjänst och skola, resursbrist och inkluderande av förövaren i form av vårdnad- och umgängesfrågor. / Every year thousands of children are forced to flee their homes to women’s shelters due to domestic violence. This study aimed to explore how staff at women’s shelters work with the children. The aim was also to explore the workers experiences of the work with the children at the shelter. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight workers at different women’s shelters in Sweden. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. The results showed that the environment at the shelter, supporting the mothers, pedagogic activities and counseling are important aspects of the work with the children. The staff also raised some barriers in the work with the children at the women’s shelters, such as cooperation with social services and the children's schools, lack of resources and inclusion of the perpetrator in terms of contact and custody.

Bakgrund: Endometrios är en sjukdom som drabbar ungefär var tionde kvinna i fertil ålder. Endometrios innebär att vävnad som liknar livmoderslemhinnan växer utanför livmodern, vilket kan medföra symtom som kronisk smärta i buken, dysmenoreé och dyspareuni. Symtomen debuterar ofta mellan 20-30 års ålder och kommer oftast i skov där smärtintensiteten varierar. Trots indikation på att kvinnan lider av endometrios tar det flera år att fastställa en diagnos. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva kvinnors upplevelser av att leva med endometrios. Metod: En begränsad, systematisk litteraturöversikt baserad på 10 vetenskapliga artiklar hämtade från databaserna Academic search complete, Cinahl Complete, MEDLINE with full text och PubMed. Artiklarna är vetenskapligt granskade, på engelska och publicerade mellan 2004 och 2020. Resultat: Fyra huvudteman identifierades: (1) upplevelser av smärta, (2) en begränsad tillvaro, (3) vårdmöten och normalisering av symtom och (4) upplevelser av biverkningar. Sammanfattning: Utifrån denna litteraturöversikt framkommer att normer och okunskap i samhället och vården skapar ett lidande i kvinnornas liv. Detta bidrar till en begränsad tillvaro, då deras fysiska, psykiska, sociala och sexuella hälsa påverkas. / Background: Endometriosis is a disease that affects about every tenth woman of fertile age. Endometriosis means that tissue similar to the endometrial tissue grows outside of the uterus, which can cause symptoms such as chronic abdominal pain, dysmenorrhea and dyspareunia. The onset of symptoms often occurs between the age of 20-30 and usually occurs in relapses where the intensity of the pain varies. Despite the indication that the woman is suffering from endometriosis, it takes several years to establish a diagnosis. Aim: The aim was to describe women’s experiences of living with endometriosis. Method: A limited, systematic literature review based on 10 scientific articles retrieved from the databases Academic search complete, Cinahl Complete, MEDLINE with full text and PubMed. The articles are scientifically reviewed, in English and published between 2004 and 2020. Results: Four main themes were identified: (1) experiences of pain, (2) a limited life, (3) healthcare encounters and normalization of symptoms and (4) experiences of side effects. Conclusion: Based on this literature review, it appears that norms and ignorance in society and health care creates suffering in women’s life. This contributes to a limited life, as her physical, mental, social and sexual health gets affected.

On August 15, 2021, the Taliban entered the Afghan capital, Kabul, and a new period in Afghanhistory began. Fear of return to the former Taliban regime in the 1990s spread. However, the Taliban promised that women's rights would be respected. Their rights would be respected within the framework of the Islamic Sharia law. Women would have a place in society and access to work and education. Despite their promises, the Taliban soon began restricting women's rights.The purpose of this essay is to examine the Taliban's understanding of Sharia and see what view of women it results in. The essay also intends to clarify whether this view includes rights for women. The Taliban's understanding is examined from a rights perspective and through a critical perspective. A qualitative hermeneutic methodology is the basis for the thesis method, this method refers to understandings and interpretations. Additionally, 3 deep structured interviews were conducted and constitutes an important part of the essay.The study shows that the Taliban's understandings are strongly rooted in local traditions of Pashtun communities. Much of The Taliban's view of women comes from traditional Pashtun societies, and a lot of what they call Sharia is in fact taken from the Pashtun code of honour, Pashtunwali. The Taliban declare that they endorse Human Rights and believe that both men and women have rights, but that the rights appear different