Abstract Almost all the Finnish buildings were log constructed up to the beginning of the 20th century. Among these buildings one can see the finest expressions of Finnish wood architecture. Unfortunately, the tradition of the original and fascinating Finnish log architecture was broken in the beginning of the 20th century. At the same time a lot of knowledge and skills connected to log constructing were lost. In order to be able to continue the tradition of log architecture, more research work needs to be done. The rules that log constructions set to the architecture are still poorly known. Finnish State Railways was the most notable public builder in Finland in the end of the 1900s and constructed more than 4000 log buildings between years 1860–1950. Very high quality demands were set on the railway buildings and all the builders were highly experienced professionals. When studying traditional, professionally built log constructions, the railway stations are unique research subjects. In this thesis the log frames, structures and joints of 30 railway stations were documented. The main aim with the research was to find out how log structures affect the architectural form of the railway stations. As the results of the research it can be stated that in the architecture of the railway stations there are several factors which depend on log structures and which have had a powerful influence on the architectural form of railway stations and, thus, have created an identifiable building type for log stations. Due to the log and cross logging techniques, the most natural form of a log frame is a rectangular box, the height of which is the same everywhere and in which the openings obey certain rules. The rectangular box shape is so dominating in the railway stations that, on the basis of the log frame only, it is very difficult to place them to a certain architectural era or to categorize them according to a certain architectural style. The architectural originality has been created by different kinds of roof shapes, parting of the windows, sidings, decorations, porches and lean-to roofs. According to the data gathered from the railway stations, the architectural form of a log frame must be submitted to the rules of the log structure. Thus, the materialistic characteristics, the cross logging technique and the strength of the log structures are the factors that determine the ground plan, the masses and the openings of log buildings. Log as a construction material creates natural, small and simple buildings with undisturbed and balanced openings. The development work to be done on the basis of the rules of log structures can most naturally take place amongst handicraftsmen. The development of traditional log building still needs more research on historical building types, log joints and on the technical functioning of the log structures. / Tiivistelmä 1900-luvun alkuun saakka lähes kaikki maamme rakennukset olivat hirsirunkoisia. Näiden rakennusten joukosta löytyvät puuarkkitehtuurimme merkittävimmät saavutukset. Omintakeisen ja kiehtovan suomalaisen hirsiarkkitehtuurin perinne katkesi 1900-luvun alkupuolella. Samalla kadotettiin suuri joukko hirsirakentamiseen liittyvää tietoa ja taitoa. Perinnettä jatkavan hirsiarkkitehtuurin kehittymisen esteenä on tiedon puute. Emme tarkalleen tiedä, mitä sääntöjä perinteistä arkkitehtuuria ohjannut hirsirakenne asettaa arkkitehtoniselle muodonannolle. Valtion rautatiet oli maamme merkittävin julkinen rakentaja 1800-luvun loppupuolella ja rakensi vuosien 1860–1950 aikana yli 4 000 hirsirakennusta. Rakennuksille oli asetettu korkeat laatuvaatimukset, ja niiden rakentajina toimivat kokeneet ammattilaiset. Asemarakennukset ovat ainutlaatuinen kohde tutkittaessa perinteistä ammattimaista hirsirakentamista. Tutkimuksessa dokumentoitiin 30 asemarakennuksen hirsirunko, -rakenteet ja -liitokset. Dokumentointiaineiston pohjalta selvitettiin, miten hirsirakenteet ovat säädelleet asemarakennusten arkkitehtonista muodonantoa. Tutkimuksen tuloksena pystytään osoittamaan, että asemarakennuksissa on joukko hirsirakenteista johtuvia tekijöitä, jotka ovat merkittävästi vaikuttaneet rakennusten arkkitehtoniseen muodonantoon ja luoneet oman tunnistettavan hirsirunkoisten asemien rakennustyypin. Hirrestä ja lamasalvostekniikasta johtuvien tekijöiden vaikutuksesta hirsirungon luonnollinen muoto on tasakorkea suorakulmainen laatikko, jonka aukottamiseen on olemassa tiettyjä sääntöjä. Asemarakennuksissa on hirsirungon pelkistetty laatikkomuoto niin hallitseva, että rakennuksia on pelkän hirsirungon perusteella erittäin vaikeaa ajoittaa eri aikakausille tai luokittaa tiettyihin arkkitehtonisiin tyylikausiin. Rakennusten arkkitehtoninen yksilöllisyys on toteutettu vesikaton muodoilla, ikkunoiden jakopuitteilla, ulkoverhouksen struktuurilla, koristeaiheilla sekä keveillä kuisteilla ja katoksilla. Asemarakennuksista saadun tiedon mukaan hirsirungon muoto tulee alistaa hirsirakenteen ehtojen mukaiseksi. Täten rakennuksen pohjakaavaa, massoittelua ja aukotusta säätelevät hirren materiaaliominaisuudet, käytetty liitostekniikka ja hirsirakenteen lujuus. Hirrestä syntyy luonnollisesti pieniä, yksinkertaisia rakennuksia, joiden aukotus on rauhallista. Hirsirakenteen ehtojen pohjalta tapahtuva kehitystyö on luontevinta käsinveistotuotantotavan piirissä. Perinnettä jatkavan hirsiarkkitehtuurin kehittyminen vaatii vielä lisää tutkimusta historiallisista rakennustyypeistä, hirsiliitoksista ja hirsirakenteen teknisestä toiminnasta.

The project begins with the elaboration of a single wooden joinery detail for a temple pavilion. A singular joint study became the basis for an interrelated series of elaborated joints forming a structural whole. A detailed model of a single structural bay was produced. The purpose of this model was to investigate the subtleties of its overall formal expression. Attention was given to both the hidden internal complexity of individual parts and the interconnections between parts. Knowledge of stereotomy was an important consideration ensuring precision in the marking and cutting of the poplar wood. Photographs, sketches and drawings accompany the making of the model as way to further its realization. / Master of Architecture

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T13:56:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FernandoMGcapa_ate_pag77.pdf: 5723996 bytes, checksum: a055bdfc0c204ace2c884b12163f223b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-13 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / This work regards to the structural conception as a formal element of design in wood architecture. On this approach, the group of projects studied is formed by some realized works of two important Brazilian architects: Severiano Porto and Marcos Acayaba. The time interval comprises the period from 1971 to 1997, which correspond respectively to the years of the creation of first and the last of the analyzed constructions. The research perspective concerns to the relationship between the parts, the whole and the building techniques adopted in each project. Moreover, the analysis focuses on the structure as the link among the different projectual ideas. Thus, the research method firstly includes a survey of specific bibliographies and documents which refer to the structural conception in wood architecture. Secondly,the buildings are analyzed according to the methods of architectural composition discussed through this work. / Este trabalho aborda a concep??o estrutural como elemento formal expressivo na arquitetura em madeira. O universo analisado ? constitu?do de obras constru?das de dois arquiteto nacionais considerados importantes pela cr?tica arquitet?nica: Severiano Porto e Marcos Acayaba. O recorte temporal abrange o per?odo de 1971 a 1997, anos respectivamente da primeira e ?ltima obra que comp?em nossas an?lises. Nosso olhar est? voltado ? natureza das rela??es entre as partes, o todo e as t?cnicas construtivas empregadas em cada obra, sempre com o foco na estrutura como principal articulador das id?ias projetuais para tais obras. Para tanto, num primeiro momento, o m?todo de pesquisa abrange levantamentos bibliogr?ficos e documentais referentes ? concep??o estrutural em obras em madeira para, posteriormente, analisar tais obras de acordo com os m?todos de composi??o arquitet?nica discutida ao longo deste trabalho.