In the period of the first Czechoslovak Republic social work was the important part of social politic and it worked as a repressive assistance, nowadays we consider social work as an activated and motivational help for clients. The then social work, which is the synonym for the social care, was provided in collaboration with public and private entities. The health, social and educational elements of provincial and district care were sucessfully united mainly in the Czech. These steps went to the comprehensive conception of social work. The Czechoslovak Republic relied on the work of volunteers and the state also supported them with finances and delegated many tasks on them. The multilateralism and jaggedness of extensive voluntary social work brought many advantanges for the state and many poor people were helped. The lack of authority and the ambivalence of voluntary social workers were the darker side of voluntary entities. The absence of the legal regulations was the main cause of these problems. Social workers in the first Czechoslovakia Republic made very important steps to establish social work as the fully-fledged work profession. These steps made by social workers included creation of a valuable and ethical frame work of social work. They have also created an international collaboration which has become standard of these days.