It has been observed that in certain cases the exposure of dyed fibres to aging techniques results in the strengthening of fibres. This thesis explores the hypothesis that the strengthening is due to radical cross-coupling reactions that could be initiated through metal ion mediated photodecarboxylation. The approaches taken in this research include kinetic experiments (using flash photolysis), examination of possible cross-coupling experiments (using species of opposite charge), and the design and examination of small molecule model systems. A flash photolysis system was developed and used in attempts to determine the rates of photochemical product formation for cobalt(III) amino acid complexes. Lower limits have been established for the rate of product formation in these systems. The lower limits are: 2 x 10⁷ s⁻¹ for [Co(bpy)2(gly)]²⁺; 2 x 10⁷ s⁻¹ for [Co(tpa)(gly)]²⁺; and 5 x 10⁶ s⁻¹ for [Co(tpa)(aib)]²⁺, where bpy is 2,2'-bipyridine; gly is glycinate; tpa is tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine; and aib is aminoisobutyrate. In past studies, the rates of a series of cobalt(III) amino acid complexes were reported as being the same, and much slower. It is thought that in these cases it may not be the rate of the formation of product that was being measured, but rather the response time of the electronics that was being observed. In this thesis the results obtained for the rate for the aib complex were somewhat lower than those of the gly complexes. This may imply, for the aib complex at least, the rate of the formation of the metallocycle is being observed (and not the response times of the electronics or other limitations of the instrumentation), but the data is poor and there is considerable doubt about this. The steady state photolysis of opposite charged species [Co(bpy)2(gly)]²⁺ and [Co(EDTA)]⁻ is reported. The reactions were carried out on a small scale in deuterated solvent for NMR spectrometry analysis and also on a large scale for the possible isolation and characterisation of the products. Evidence was found for a different reaction occurring when both complexes were present. The exact nature of the product remains elusive. A model system was designed in which a dinuclear ligand would bind to two metal centres and a fibre mimic would be later added. Eight ligands are discussed that could potentially bind two octahedral metal centres. They all had a xylene spacing group linking the two polydentate sites together. Five of the ligands have two bidentate binding sites. The other three had two tridentate sites. The binding sites in three of the bis(bidentate) ligands were based on ethane-1,2- diamine (en). Two of these ligands produced hypodentate monocobalt and sundentate dicobalt complexes. The other two bidentate ligands were based on 2- aminomethylpyridine (ampy). Both of these ligands degraded in the complexation reaction conditions. The binding sites in the tridentate ligands were all based on tacn. Once again, the principal products isolated were hypodentate systems in which only one metal ion was coordinated by the ligands. There is a distinct pattern observed in the xylene spaced ligands to form hypodentate complexes with cobalt(III) metal centred complexes. There is evidence of the di-nuclear species from a reaction with a charcoal catalyst in the bis(bidentate) system. ¹H NMR spectrometry, ¹³C NMR spectrometry, elemental analysis, X-ray crystallography and UV-vis spectroscopy were used to study and characterise the complexes and ligands that were prepared in this project.

L’objectif de cette thèse était de développer un capteur spectrophotométrique pour quantifier le benzène, le toluène et les xylènes (BTX) en temps réel aux valeurs limites d’exposition professionnelles, c’est-à-dire 20 ppmv pour le toluène, 50 ppmv pour les xylènes et 1 ppmv pour le benzène. L’étude a été menée avec plusieurs couches sensibles, un matériau silicique massif synthétisé par le procédé sol-gel ou des films minces (moins de 5 µm) déposés sur quartz par trempage-retrait dans une suspension de nanoparticules de silice mésoporeuse ou de précurseurs permettant d’obtenir des films fins continus de silice mésoporeuse. Nous avons pu démontrer l’efficacité de la détection des BTX en temps réel. L’utilisation des films mésoporeux a permis d’atteindre une répétabilité correcte du capteur (écart type <10%). Néanmoins, ni ces films de silice, ni leur fonctionnalisation par des groupements méthyle n’ont permis de résoudre le problème posé par l’humidité. Seule l'utilisation d'un sécheur que nous avons implémenté dans le dispositif de mesure a permis la détection du toluène en présence d'humidité ambiante. Dans cette configuration, les interférences de 40 ppmv de butanone, acétone et éthanol ont également été éliminées. Finalement la conception d’une cellule multiplaques a permis d’atteindre les limites de détection de 1 ppmv à 267 nm pour le toluène, 1 ppmv à 274 nm pour le p-xylène et 5 ppmv à 252 nm pour le benzène. Enfin, cette limite de détection peut être abaissée à 1 ppmv à 190 nm pour le benzène / The objective of this thesis was to develop a spectrophotometric sensor to quantify benzene, toluene and xylenes (BTX) in real time at the level of the occupational exposure limit values, ie 20 ppmv for toluene, 50 Ppmv for xylenes and 1 ppmv for benzene. The study was carried out with several sensitive layers, a solid silicic material synthesized by the sol-gel process or thin films (less than 5 μm) deposited on quartz by dip-coating a suspension of nanoparticles or a precursor solution leading to mesoporous silica thin films. We were able to demonstrate the effectiveness of BTX detection in real time. The use of continuous mesoporous films has enabled a correct repeatability of the sensor (standard deviation <10%). Nevertheless, neither these silica films nor their functionalization by methyl groups have solved the problem posed by moisture. Only the use of a dryer that we implemented in the measuring device allowed the detection of toluene in the presence of ambient humidity. In this configuration, interference of 40 ppmv of butanone, acetone and ethanol was also eliminated. Finally, the design of a multi-plate cell allowed to reach detection limits of 1 ppmv at 267 nm for toluene, 1 ppmv at 274 nm for p-xylene and 5 ppmv at 252 nm for benzene. Finally, this limit of detection can be lowered to 1 ppmv at 190 nm for benzene

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Soursop (Annona muricata L.) is a tree of Annonaceae family widely distributed in all tropical regions of the world, produces fruit known as graviola and its leaves are used in traditional medicine as phytotherapy. Some compounds present in A. muricata have been related to antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities of this plant. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities of hexane (HE) and ethanol (EE) soursop leaves extracts. To this end, we used soursop leaves for preparation of extracts for further analyzes of phytochemical composition, antioxidant capacity, ear edema assays in vivo and in vitro antibacterial activity. For analysis of the antioxidant activity of hexane and ethanol extracts were determined total polyphenols, yellows flavonoids and anthocyanins and total antioxidant capacity by ABTS&#9679;+ and DPPH methods. To evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of the extracts was performed ear edema model induced by xylene or TPA in mice (Swiss females, 25-35g)-treated intragastrically (ig) for 7 consecutive days or topically (single dose) of different concentrations of the extracts (EE or HE):10, 100 and 1000 mg/kg. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts was evaluated against strains of Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 14458), Listeria monocytogenes (ATCC 33090), Escherichia coli (ATCC 11775) and Salmonella choleraesuis (ATCC 14028). The extracts showed wide variety of phytochemical compounds, especially EE, and high antioxidant activity. Pretreatment via i.g. with the extracts was able to inhibit the edema induced by xylene, with a maximum percentage of inhibition of 61.72% for EE 10 and 57.08% for HE 100, but no effect on TPA-induced edema. The topical application with HE inhibited in a dose-dependent form the xylene-induced edema with maximum inhibition of 78.89% for HE1000, while for EE1000 was 67.95%, with no significant difference EE10 and EE100. As for the TPA-induced edema, HE (10, 100 and 1000 mg / kg) inhibited edema at 84.39%, 68.68% and 65.96%, while for EE (10, 100 and 1000 mg / kg ) the inhibition was 75%, 56% and 51%, respectively. Moreover, the extracts showed no antibacterial activity against all tested strains. The hexane and ethanol extracts of soursop leaves exhibit high differentiated antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity compared to edema induced by xylene and TPA. / A gravioleira (Annona muricata L.) à uma Ãrvore da famÃlia Annonaceae largamente distribuÃda em todas as regiÃes tropicais do mundo, produz fruto conhecido como graviola e suas folhas sÃo usadas na medicina tradicional como fitoterÃpicos. Alguns compostos presentes na A. muricata jà foram relacionados com as atividades antioxidante, anti-inflamatÃria e antimicrobiana dessa planta. Esse trabalho teve por objetivos avaliar as atividades antioxidante, anti-inflamatÃria e antibacteriana dos extratos hexÃnico (EH) e etanÃlico (EE) das folhas de gravioleira. Para tanto, foram utilizadas folhas de gravioleira para o preparo dos extratos utilizados em anÃlises da composiÃÃo fitoquÃmica, da capacidade antioxidante total, ensaios de edema de orelha in vivo e da atividade antibacteriana in vitro. Para a anÃlise da atividade antioxidante dos extratos hexÃnico e etanÃlico foram determinados os polifenÃis totais, flavonoides amarelos e antocianinas totais e a capacidade antioxidante total pelos mÃtodos ABTS&#9679;+ e DPPH. Para avaliaÃÃo da atividade anti-inflamatÃria dos extratos, foi utilizado o modelo de edema de orelha induzido por xileno ou TPA em camundongos (Swiss fÃmeas, 25-35g) submetidos a tratamentos por via intragÃstrica (i.g.) por 7 dias consecutivos ou por via tÃpica (dose Ãnica) com diferentes concentraÃÃes dos extratos (EH ou EE): 10, 100 e 1000 mg/kg. A atividade antimicrobiana dos extratos foi avaliada contra cepas de Sthaphylococcus aureus (ATCC 14458), Listeria monocytogenes (ATCC 33090), Escherichia coli (ATCC 11775) e Salmonella choleraesuis (ATCC 14028). Os extratos apresentaram grande variedade de compostos fitoquÃmicos, principalmente o EE, alÃm de elevada atividade antioxidante. O prÃ-tratamento por via i.g. com os extratos foi capaz de inibir o edema induzido por xileno, com um percentual mÃximo de inibiÃÃo de 61,72% para o EE10 e de 57,08% para o EH100, mas nenhum efeito no edema induzido por TPA. O tratamento tÃpico por EH inibiu de forma dose-dependente o edema induzido por xileno, com mÃximo de inibiÃÃo de 78,89% para EH1000, enquanto para EE1000 foi de 67,95%, sem diferenÃa significativa com EE10 e EE100. Jà para o edema induzido por TPA, EH (10, 100 e 1000 mg/kg) inibiram o edema em 84,39%, 68,68% e 65,96%, enquanto para EE (10, 100 e 1000 mg/kg) a inibiÃÃo foi de 75%, 56% e 51%, respectivamente. Ademais, os extratos nÃo apresentaram atividade antibacteriana frente Ãs cepas testadas. Os extratos hexÃnico e etanÃlico das folhas de gravioleira apresentam elevada capacidade antioxidante e atividade anti-inflamatÃria diferenciada em relaÃÃo aos edemas induzidos por xileno e TPA.

Orientadores: Rubens Maciel Filho, Jose Carlos Costa da Silva Pinto, Priamo Albuquerque Melo Junior / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Química / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T00:03:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lucca_EneidaAparecidade_M.pdf: 1657459 bytes, checksum: 56b6b6c35a2802734e03ed28ceb76c67 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Reatores tubulares do tipo loop são amplamente empregados nas indústrias de poliolefinas. No caso da produção de polipropileno, compõem a tecnologia Spheripol. São constituídos de duas seções tubulares interconectadas por um ponto de alimentação e por uma bomba, que promove a recirculação da massa reacional. O simulador dinâmico desenvolvido nesse trabalho é capaz de estimar valores de diversas variáveis chave no monitoramento do processo; dentre elas, o XS e o MFI. As validações feitas mostraram que o simulador é capaz de representar de forma acurada os dados experimentais disponíveis em uma planta real de polimerização, inclusive para ¿N¿ reatores em série / Abstract: Tubular loop reactors are widely used in the polyolefins industries. In the particular case of polypropylene production, loop reactors are part of the Spheripol technology. Loop reactors are composed of two tubular reactors that are connected by a feed point and a pump that is responsible for promoting recirculation of the reaction mass. The dynamic simulator developed here is able to estimate values of several important variables used to monitor the industrial process, like the XS and the MFI. The model was validated with actual industrial data obtained for different reactor configurations, including ¿N¿ reactors in series / Mestrado / Engenharia de Processos / Mestre em Engenharia Química

O tolueno e o xileno são substâncias presentes, ao lado de outras, em vários produtos, entre eles as tintas, tíneres e colas, provocando exposição combinada dos trabalhadores a diversas substâncias químicas. Assim, foi objetivo deste trabalho desenvolver um método simples, rápido e confiável de cromatografia em fase gasosa que permitisse análise simultânea do ácido hipúrico (AH) e ácido metil-hipúrico (AMH) em urina, bioindicadores de dose interna utilizados na monitorização da exposição ocupacional ao tolueno e xileno respectivamente. Após extração líquido-líquido e derivação com trimetilfenilamôneo, foi realizada análise cromatográfica em coluna capilar 100% polidimetilsiloxano, usando-se o ácido heptadecanóico como padrão interno. Foram avaliados 69 trabalhadores que manipulavam tintas em atividades de repintura de veículos e 31 trabalhadores não-expostos (controle). O método mostrou-se linear entre 0,1 (limite de quantificação) e 5,0 g/L para o AH e 0,2 (limite de quantificação) e 5 g/L para o AMH. A recuperação média foi de 81 % e a inexatidão de aproximadamente - 8,0% (bias) para ambos os analitos. Os coeficientes de variação médios para as concentrações de 0,5; 2,0 e 4,0 g/L foram, para a precisão intra-ensaio, de 3,5% para o AH e de 3,7% para o AMH, e para a interensaio, de 10,5% para o AH e de 10,7% para o AMH. Os analitos permaneceram estáveis em até 3 ciclos de congelamento/descongelamento das amostras de urina. O valor médio obtido nas amostras de trabalhadores expostos foi de 0,55 g/g de creatinina (mediana = 0,36 g/g de creatinina). Apesar de diferença estatisticamente significativa (teste t Student, p &#8804; 0,05) ter sido observada entre os valores médios de AH nos trabalhadores expostos e nos do grupo controle, esta diferença não foi detectada quando analisou-se as medianas. O hábito de fumar e de ingerir bebidas alcoólicas também não mostrou alterar significativamente a excreção dos bioindicadores no grupo avaliado. / Toluene and the xylene, among others substances, are solvents used in several products, such as inks, thiners and glues, and are responsible for mixed exposure in workers. Thus, the aim of this work was to develop a simple, fast and reliable gas chromatographic method to allow the simultaneous detection and quantitation of hippuric acid (HA) and methylhippuric acid (MHA) in urine, which are internai dose bioindicators in the monitoring of occupational exposure to toluene and the xylene, respectively. After liquid-liquid extraction and derivation with trimethylphenylammonium, the chromatographic analysis was accomplished using capillary column 100% methylsiloxane, and heptadecanoic acid as internai standard. 69 workers exposed to inks in activities such as vehicles painting and 31 nonexposed workers were evaluated. The method showed linearity range between 0,1 (quantitation limit) and 5,0 g/L for HA and 0,2 (quantitation limit) and 5 g/L for MHA. The recovery was 81 % and the inaccuracy of approximately - 8,0% (bias) for both analytes. The mean variation . coefficients for the concentrations of 0,5; 2,0 and 4,0 g/L were, for the intraassay precision, of 3,5% for HA and of 3,7% for MHA, and for the inter assay, 10,5% for HA and 10,7% for MHA. The analytes were stable for 3 freezing cycles of the urine samples. The medium value obtained in the exposed workers\' samples was of 0,55 creatinina g/g (medium = 0,36 creatinina g/g). In spite of the observed statistical significant differences (test t Student, p &#8804; 0,05) among the medium values of HA in the exposed workers and the control groups, this difference was not detected when it was analyzed the respective median values. Smoking and drinking alcoholic beverages habits did not significantly alter the excretion of these bioindicators in the studied group.

Experimental data were obtained for the computation of mole fraction solubilities of three dichloronitrobenzenes in organic solvents at 25oC, and solubility ratios were obtained from this data. Abraham model equations were developed for solutes in tributyl phosphate that describe experimental values to within 0.15 log units, and correlations were made to describe solute partitioning in systems that contain either "wet" or "dry" tributyl phosphate. Abraham model correlations have also been developed for solute transfer into anhydrous diisopropyl ether, and these correlations fit in well with those for other ethers. Abraham correlations for the solvation of enthalpy have been derived from experimental and literature data for mesitylene, p-xylene, chlorobenzene, and 1,2-dichlorobenzene at 298.15 K. In addition, the enthalpy contribution of hydrogen bonding between these solutes and acidic solvents were predicted by these correlations and were in agreement with an established method. Residual plots corresponding to Abraham models developed in all of these studies were analyzed for trends in error between experimental and calculated values.

M. Tech. (Chemistry Department, Faculty of Applied and Computer Sciences) Vaal University of Technology. / Benzene, toluene and xylene (BTX) are water pollutants that appear very often in chemical and petrochemical wastewaters due to gasoline leakage from storage tanks and pipelines. These BTX compounds can cause adverse health effects on humans even at very low concentrations. Amongst the available pollutant removal methods from wastewater, adsorption has been used due to its ease of operation, simplicity and cost-effectiveness. Different adsorbents have been used for BTX removal, however the use of Magnetite-organic acid composites as an adsorbent seems to offer a much cheaper alternative. This work seeks to develop a one-step microwave synthesis and optimization of magnetite-oleic (MNP-OA) and magnetite-palmitic (MNP-PA) acid) composites. Response surface methodology was used to optimize the magnetite-organic acid composites. The optimum conditions estimated for MNP-OA acid composite were 78.3 % Fe content, 1561.9 S/cm conductivity, 82.2, 84.1, 85.3 mg/g for BTX adsorption capacity. The MNP-PA composite were 75.6 % Fe content, 1325.66 S/cm conductivity, 60.55, 64.47, 63.06 mg/g for BTX adsorption capacity. The materials were characterized, and the adsorption process was optimized for BTX removal from aqueous solution. X-ray analysis confirmed the formation of magnetite by the presence of both ferric and ferrous ion states on the surface. It was noted that after modification, the magnetite-organic acids characteristics peaks became broad and the height of the peaks decreased indicating that surface modification with organic acid controls the crystallinity of the material. The average cystalline size of MNP, MNP-OA, and MNP-PA composites were 19.7, 17.1 and 17.9 nm. FTIR analysis confirmed the target materials were produced and also to determine if the organic acids were imobilised on the surface of the magnetite. TEM images presented that the MNP, MNP-OA, and MNP-PA composites were spherical in shape with particle average sizes of 18.4 ± 0.5, 15.6 ± 0.5 and 16.5 ± 0.5 nm. The magnetite-organic acids show the particles with better isolated as compared to that of the MNP. The BET isotherms of the materials were described by a type IV characteristic related to uniform mesoporous materials. The magnetic saturation value for MNP, MNP-OA, and MNP-PA composites were 62.9, 59.0 and 51.0 emu/g. The decrease in magnetization was explained by the presence of the non-magnetic layer on magnetite surface. The pHpzc of MNP, MNP-OA, and MNP-PA composites were 6.9, 6.4 and 6.1. The decrease in pHpzc aftern modification was due to the charging acid-base interaction mechanism of metal oxide nanoparticles. The optimum pH for the adsorption of BTX onto MNP, MNP-OA, and MNP-PA composites was determined to be pH 7 for benzene, pH 8 for toluene and xylene. Among the three pollutants, xylene had the highest adsorption capacity followed by toluene and benzene. The optimum adsorbent dose for the adsorbents for the adsorption process was 0.1 g/dm3. The effect of time on the uptake of BTX onto MNP, MNP-OA, and MNP-PA composites show that initial adsorption of BTX occured between 0 and 3 min of contact time. The effect of initial concentration results shows the initial concentration of BTX increases from 100 to 350 mg/dm3 with an increase in adsorption capacity. The results suggest that the adsorption process is controlled by concentration driving force. The experimental data was fitted to the pseudo-first and pseudo-second-order kinetic models for all adsorbents and all pollutants. The pseudo-second-order models showed good correlation as compared to the first-pseudo model. Desorption studies for benzene, toluene and xylene using the pure magnetite, magnetite-palmitic and magnetite oleic acid composites indicate adsorption mrchanism can be explained in relation to acid–base chemistry. Electron donation from the phenyl ring of each benzene, toluene and xylene compound to surface iron atoms of magnetite has been suggested. The CH3OH and H2O desorbing agents were used and regeneration using five cycles show that the percentage desorption decreses from Benzene < Toluene < Xylene. The reduction in adsorption capacity after the cycles are attributed to decomposition of the adsorbents active sites and mass loss of the sample.

No description available.

La séparation des C8 aromatiques par Lit Mobile Simulé (LMS) permet d'obtenir du paraxylène (PX) pur. Les autres composés du mélange sont recyclés dans un réacteur afin d'être isomérisés puis séparés à nouveau. La charge du LMS est composée à environ 75% par ce flux de recyclage. L'intégration de la réaction dans le LMS, réalisée en intercalant des réacteurs d'isomérisation entre les lits d'adsorbant de la zone 3 (procédé LMS Réactif, LMSR), doit permettre une réduction de ce flux de recyclage.L'objectif de cette thèse est de développer une méthodologie d'étude des procédés de type Lit Mobile Simulé (LMS) et Lit Mobile Simulé Réactif (LMSR) basée sur :-un outil expérimental simplifié : le pilote One-column réactif (OCR)-des simulateurs One-column réactif ou non qui seront validés par les résultats expérimentaux du pilote-des simulateurs LMS et LMSR permettant d'accéder aux résultats des procédés industriels.Les simulations de One-column (OC) montrent une bonne sensibilité aux paramètres clés de la séparation des C8 aromatiques (sélectivité PX/EB et diffusion intracristalline). Les résultats expérimentaux font ressortir des difficultés importantes à mettre en œuvre le OC expérimentalement. Plusieurs hypothèses sont exposées pour expliquer les résultats obtenus mais les difficultés rencontrées limitent, en l'état, l'utilisation du pilote pour l'étude de la séparation (réactive ou non) des C8 aromatiques.L'étude du LMSR effectuée par simulation montre l'importance du nombre et de l'emplacement des réacteurs ainsi que de l'intégration du LMSR dans la boucle de production de PX. L'usage du LMSR pour la production de PX permet une réduction importante du débit de recyclage / Today, pure paraxylene (PX) is mainly obtained from a mix of C8 aromatics by a separation process based on adsorption: the Simulated Moving Bed (SMB). The other components of the blend are sent to an isomerisation reactor and are recycled to the SMB. 75% of the SMB feed flow rate come from this recycle flow. Coupling reaction and separation by inserting isomerisation reactors between the adsorption beds of the third zone (Simulated Moving Bed Reactor, SMBR) should allow a reduction of this recycling flow rate.The main objective of this thesis is to develop a new methodology for studying SMB and SMBR processes based on:- a simplify experimental tool : the One-column reactive (OCR) pilot unit- simulators of the OCR which will be validated by the experimental results obtain on the pilot unit- simulators of SMB and SMBR processes which give access to industrial processes results.Simulation results show that OC system seem to be sensitive to key parameters of C8 aromatics separation (PX/EB selectivity and micropore diffusivity). Results on the pilot unit highlight the difficulties to implement an experimental OC. Hypothesis are given to explain those results but, without modification, OCR pilot unit cannot be used to study xylene separation (with or without reaction).SMBR study done by simulation shows the impact of the placement and the number of reactors. Integration of SMBR in the global PX production scheme is also essential. SMBR allows an important reduction of recycling flow rate (up to 50%).

A tall tower flux measurement setup was established in metropolitan Houston, Texas, to measure trace gas fluxes from both anthropogenic and biogenic emission sources in the urban surface layer. We describe a new relaxed eddy accumulation system combined with a dual-channel gas chromatography - flame ionization detection used for volatile organic compound (VOC) flux measurements in the urban area, focusing on the results of selected anthropogenic VOCs, including benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX), and biogenic VOCs including isoprene and its oxidation products, methacrolein (MACR) and methyl vinyl ketone (MVK). We present diurnal variations of concentrations and fluxes of BTEX, and isoprene and its oxidation products during summer time (May 22 - July 22, 2008) and winter time (January 1 - February 28). The measured BTEX values exhibited diurnal cycles with a morning peak during weekdays related to rush-hour traffic and additional workday daytime flux maxima for toluene and xylenes in summer time. However, in winter time there was no additional workday daytime peaks due mainly to the different flux footprints between the two seasons. A comparison with different EPA National Emission Inventories (NEI) with our summer time flux data suggests potential underestimates in the NEI by a factor of 3 to 5. The mixing ratios and fluxes of isoprene, MACR and MVK were measured during the same time period in summer 2008. The presented results show that the isoprene was affected by both tail-pipe emission sources during the morning rush hours and biogenic emission sources in daytime. The observed daytime mixing ratios of isoprene were much lower than over forested areas, caused by a comparatively low density of isoprene emitters in the tower's footprint area. The average daytime isoprene flux agreed well with emission rates predicted by a temperature and light only emission model (Guenther et al., 1993). Our investigation of isoprene's oxidation products MACR and MVK showed that both anthropogenic and biogenic emission sources exist for MACR, while MVK was strongly dominated by a biogenic source, likely the isoprene oxidation between the emission and sampling points.