Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-05-23T19:12:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2012 - Francisco L?cio da Silva Beltr?o.pdf: 1689416 bytes, checksum: 76a8c64f4a1c610912e18f6afdec5d8d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-23T19:12:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2012 - Francisco L?cio da Silva Beltr?o.pdf: 1689416 bytes, checksum: 76a8c64f4a1c610912e18f6afdec5d8d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-29 / CAPES / The degradation of the wood occurs because of chemical, physical and biological factors, in the latter are the termites, which due to feed primarily on cellulose, which is a major constituent of the wood. In front of the potential damage of these insects to the timber, it is essential to study their attractiveness and feeding preferences to various wooden species, in order to better understand their habits and so to improve the prevention and control methods. This study aimed to analyze if wood of the five exotic forest species (Corymbia citriodora, Eucalyptus cloeziana, Eucalyptus saligna, Eucalyptus urograndis, and Pinus elliottii) is forage by termites throughout the time in three environments with different anthropic actions in the municipality of Seropedica, RJ; if there is preference of attack to wood of these species in this environmental and time conditions, and if the anthropization level influence the distribution of the termite species. Two areas were inside the campus of the Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (monoculture of eucalypt and fragment of Mata Atlantica), and other in the Fazenda Agroecol?gica do Km 47 (area around the edification). Wooden stakes (2x2x25 cm) were made as test samples, which were buried on the ground at each experimental area, and evaluated at three times of exposition in the field (90, 120 and 150 days after the installation of the stakes), with eight replicates/forest specie/time. The initial weight and the wooden density of each stake were determined before they were set up in the field. To determine the points of termite activity in the areas, baits of cardboard carton were buried on the ground in order to attract the termites. The points where the baits present attack of termites served as central point for installation of the wooden stakes, which were disposed in a radial position, forming a circle of the stakes. After each exposure time the wooden stakes were collected and weighed to determine the feeding preference of the termites based on the consumption rate of the stakes. The obtained results showed the occurrence of three species of termites (a specie per area), an exotic: Coptotermes gestroi (Wasmann) (Rhinotermitidae), which occurs in the area around the edification, and two natives: Heterotermes tenuis (Hagen)(Rhinotermitidae), which was present at the eucalypt plantation, and Nasutitermes cf. itapocuensis (Holmgren) (Termitidae) which occurs in the forest. C. gestroi and H. tenuis showed more attractiveness/frequency of attack to wooden stakes of P. elliottii (83% and 63%, respectively), while N. cf. itapocuensis had highest occurrence/frequency of attack to E. cloeziana (79%). The average consumption rates of the stakes by C. gestroi and H. tenuis among the five forest species were similar. N. cf. itapocuensis showed sinficant feeding preference to E.cloeziana (4.32?1.19g) compared to P. elliottii (0.18?0.10g).It was observed that the low density of the wood influenced the occurrence/frequency of C. gestroi and H. tenuis to P. elliottii, while N. cf. itapocuensis was not influenced by this characteristic of the wood. However, there was no relationship between the feeding preferenceconsumption and the mean density of the wood to C. gestroi and H. tenuis, but N. cf. itapocuensis preferred woods of medium density. / A degrada??o da madeira ocorre devido a fatores qu?micos, f?sicos e/ou biol?gicos, neste ?ltimo se encontram os t?rmitas, por se alimentarem basicamente de celulose, que ? um dos principais constituintes da madeira. Diante do potencial de dano desses insetos ao madeiramento, ? imprescind?vel estudar a atratividade e a prefer?ncia alimentar destes ?s mais variadas esp?cies de madeira, para compreender melhor seus h?bitos e assim aperfei?oar os m?todos de preven??o e controle. Esse estudo objetivou analisar se madeira de cinco esp?cies florestais ex?ticas (Corymbia citriodora, Eucalyptus cloeziana, Eucalyptus saligna, Eucalyptus urograndis, e Pinus elliottii) ? forrageada por t?rmitas ao longo do tempo em tr?s ambientes com diferentes a??es antr?picas no munic?pio de Serop?dica, RJ; se h? prefer?ncia de ataque ?s madeiras dessas esp?cies nessas condi??es ambientais e de tempo, e se o n?vel de antropiza??o influencia a distribui??o das esp?cies de t?rmitas. Duas ?reas estavam dentro do campus da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (monocultivo de eucalipto e remanescente de Mata Atl?ntica), e outra na Fazenda Agroecol?gica do Km 47 (?rea ao redor de edifica??o). Foram confeccionadas estacas de madeira (2x2x25 cm) que serviram como corpos de prova, as quais foram enterradas no solo em cada ?rea experimental, sendo avaliadas em tr?s ?pocas de exposi??o a campo (90, 120 e 150 dias ap?s a instala??o das estacas), com oito repeti??es/esp?cie florestal/?poca. Foi aferido o peso inicial e a densidade da madeira de cada estaca antes de serem dispostas no campo. Para determinar pontos de atividade term?tica nas ?reas, foram enterradas no solo iscas de rolo de papel?o cartonado para atra??o dos t?rmitas. Os pontos onde as iscas apresentaram ataque de t?rmitas serviram como pontos centrais para a instala??o das estacas de madeira, que assumiram uma posi??o radial, formando um circulo de estacas. Ap?s cada ?poca de exposi??o, as estacas foram retiradas do campo e pesadas para determina??o prefer?ncia alimentar dos t?rmitas com base na taxa de consumo das estacas. Os resultados obtidos revelaram a ocorr?ncia de tr?s esp?cies de t?rmitas (uma esp?cie por ?rea), uma ex?tica: Coptotermes gestroi (Wasmann)(Rhinotermitidae), que ocorreu na ?rea ao redor de edifica??o, e duas nativas: Heterotermes tenuis (Hagen) (Rhinotermitidae), que estava presente no eucaliptal, e Nasutitermes cf. itapocuensis (Holmgren) (Termitidae) que ocorreu na floresta. C. gestroi e H. tenuis apresentaram uma maior atratividade/frequ?ncia de ataque para as estacas de P. elliottii (83%e 63%, respectivamente), enquanto N. cf. itapocuensis apresentou maior ocorr?ncia/frequ?ncia de ataque em E. cloeziana (79%). As taxas m?dias de consumo das estacas por C. gestroi e H. tenuis entre as cinco esp?cies florestais foram semelhantes. N. cf. itapocuensis revelou prefer?ncia alimentar significativa por E. cloeziana (4,32?1,19g) em rela??o a de P. elliottii (0,18?0,10g). Observou-se que a baixa densidade da madeira influenciou a ocorr?ncia/frequ?ncia de ataque de C. gestroi e H. tenuis por P. elliottii, enquanto N. cf. itapocuensis n?o foi influenciado por essa caracter?stica da madeira. Entretanto, n?o houve rela??o entre a prefer?ncia alimentar/consumo e a densidade m?dia da madeira para C. gestroi e H. tenuis, j? N. cf. itapocuensis preferiu madeiras de m?dia densidade.