The aim of this diploma thesis is to make a model comparability analysis of controlled transactions within the reinsurance of insurers and to recommend appropriate transfer pricing methods based on defined assumptions. The work is divided into three parts. The first part deals with transfer pricing issues, focusing on comparability analysis and recommended transfer pricing methods according to the Transfer Pricing Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and Tax Administrations formulated by Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (Guidelines OECD). The second part describes the basic knowledge and routine practice for the area of reinsurance connected to the transfer of insurance risks. The last part combines the first two chapters, i.e. application of transfer pricing methods in the light of the comparability analysis according to the Guidelines OECD for reinsurance of insurers. The application itself is implemented through the model comparability analysis in order to recommend appropriate transfer pricing methods, i.e. in accordance with the arm's length principle.

This thesis is dedicated to searching optimal parameters of reinsurance with a focus of quota-share and stop-loss reinsurance. The optimization is based on minimization of value at risk and conditional value at risk of total costs of the insurer for the recieved risk. It also presents a compound random variable and shows various methods of obtaining its probability distribution, for example ap- proximation by lognormal or gamma mixtures distributions or by Panjer recurive method for continuous severity and numerical method of its solution. At the end of the thesis we can find the calculation of the optimal parameters of reinsurance for a compound random variable based on real data. We use various methods to determine probability distribution and premiums. 1

This thesis has an aim to create a hedging strategy for currency risks for exporting company. The main reason for hedging are possible losses that can be triggered by changes in exchange rate. In the case of exchange rate changes exporting company may face three different types of exposure: transaction, translation and economic exposure. This thesis concentrates on transaction exposure and builds a hedging strategy for exporting company AAA a.s. This firm is analyzed from qualitative side as well as from quantitative which is presented in the form of historical overview of the company and its position in international group. Based on this analysis as well as on theoretical findings, the hedging strategy for AAA a.s. was proposed. This strategy uses external and internal means of hedging.

The main aim of this thesis is a development of ILF curves that can be used in the insurance industry when pricing general third party liability on the Czech market. Based on available data there are first estimated size of loss distribution functions used for following generating process. From generated data the increased limit factors are estimated and with a usage of Riebesell's parameterization ILF curves are derived. A substantial part of the thesis is a compilation of literature and the expansion of the statistical approach for estimating fair ILFs based on these data. Besides, the basis for the curves derivation are chapters describing basic theoretical knowledge in the field of reinsurance - in particular, the description of the basic types of reinsurance contracts, as well as the most common methods of a pricing. There is the whole mechanism of curves derivation described; their own use is then demonstrated with the example based on pseudoreal data.

Probably the most frequently used definition of reinsurance is insurance for insurance companies, by reinsurance the cedant (insurance company) cedes part of the risk to the reinsurer. Reinsurance plays nowadays a crucial role in insurance industry as it does not only reduce the reinsured's exposure, but it can also significantly reduce the required solvency capital. In past few decades various approaches to reinsurance actuarial modelling were published and many actuaries are nowadays just reinsurance specialized. The thesis provides an overview of the actuarial aspects of modelling a non-life per risk and for motor third party liability per event excess of loss reinsurance structure, according to the author's knowledge no study of such wide scope exists and various aspects have to be found in various fragmented articles published worldwide. The thesis is based on recent industry literature describing latest trends and methodologies used, the theory is compared with the praxis as the author has working experience from underwriting at CEE reinsurer and actuarial reinsurance modelling at global reinsurance broker. The sequence of topics which are dealt corresponds to sequence of the steps taken by actuary modelling reinsurance and each step is discussed in detail. Starting with data preparation and besides loss inflation, more individual claims development methods are introduced and own probabilistic model is constructed. Further, burning cost analysis and probabilistic rating focused on heavy tailed distributions are discussed. A special attention is given to exposure rating which is not commonly known discipline among actuaries outside of reinsurance industry and different methodologies for property and casualty exposure modelling are introduced including many best practice suggestions. All main approaches to the reinsurance modelling are also illustrated on either real or realistically looking data, similar to those provided by European insurance companies to their reinsurers during renewal periods.

The thesis is focused on the management of exchange rate risk in international trade. The work is divided into theoretical and practical part. The first part deals with the theories of the exchange rate, exchange rate risk and also on its management. The most common way of risk hedging is the use of currency derivatives. Therefore their advantages and disadvantages will be presented. In the practical part, theoretical knowledge will be applied to foreign exchange risk management of a specific Czech international trading company. After evaluating of its current approach, more effective hedging strategy will be suggested.

This diploma thesis is concerned with a financial tool called factoring. It involves an assignment of account receivables before their maturity date onto the factoring company and thus taking over their administration while providing immediate cash to the original creditor in order to sustain liquidity. Legislation of this method of financing is not yet fully resolved therefore it is crucial to focus primarily on the ecnomic substance of individual contracts. Basically, there are two major types of factoring: recourse and non-recourse depending on the level of assumed risk, together with transfer of ownerwhip of the account receivable. This fundamental distinction is inevitable for correct financial reporting which should reflect not only the accounting principles but also it should respect other implications, such as taxation.

Legal regulation of activities of insurance intermediaries Main part of this diploma thesis is aimed at the analysis and evaluation of new national regulation of insurance intermediaries included in the Act no. 170/2018 on distribution of insurance and reinsurance which is the result of implementation of Directive 2016/97 on insurance distribution into the national legislation. This thesis is divided into three chapters The first chapter is dedicated to the introduction of insurance industry as its own and specific economic segment. In this chapter I am discussing insurance industry from both historic and contemporary point of view. I try to briefly define insurance and insurance industry both from legal and economic aspects and then describe development of insurance and insurance industry through the history. At the end of this chapter, I discuss different distribution channels in insurance industry as one of those channels are insurance intermediaries. The second chapter starts with summary of historical regulation of insurance intermediaries since the creation of independent Czech Republic to present day. Main part of this chapter is dedicated to the current regulation of insurance intermediaries. At first, I am discussing different categories of insurance intermediaries and then I am describing...

S vývojem informací, komunikací a technologií se moderní průmyslové řídicí systémy (ICS) potýkají čím dál více s otázkami automatického testováni pro zabezpečení stability a bezpečnosti systému. Z tohoto důvodu se testování stalo jednou z nejdůležitějších částí životního cyklu všech softwarů. V této diplomové práci budu zvažovat možnost využití stávajících zkušebních metod a nástrojů pro získání dostatečné jakosti a bezpečnosti softwaru v kontinuálních integračních systémech.

This diploma thesis deals with computer networks which play a key role in present society. More and more demands are placed on these networks (especially on quality of services and throughput) because of fast-growing developement of services such as voice and video real-time transmissions. All the packets in typical Ethernet networks are equal. Therefore it is sometimes impossible for the application to maintain required throughput speed of a network. For this case it is useful to take some mechanisms into the consideration. These mechanisms (sometimes called QoS) are able to distinguish different types of transmissions and traffic, analyze them and then prioritize them according to some pre-defined set of rules. The most famous mechanisms are Integrated Services and Differentiated Services. The implementation of Differentiated Services is the goal of this thesis.