Evolution is a most fascinating feature of all living things in our world. The means of organismal evolution are diverse, comprising mainly of natural and sexual selection. Both of these phenomena may contribute to evolutionary adaptations in health and disease. The questions of immunity impact on the process of sexual selection and sexual selection for increased anti-parasite resistance are wide issues of the present research in natural sciences. Their clarification requires multidisciplinarily-based investigation combining a variety of partial results into a single united paradigm. My co-workers and I have chosen several specific issues to study, in order to fill some of the important gaps of the current knowledge. We proposed the Carotenoid maintenance handicap hypothesis to point out that optimisation instead of maximisation of the carotenoid intake and ornamental display may be physiologically convenient for the individual. In Scarlet rosefinch (Carpodacus erythrinus) we confirmed the role of the carotenoid-based ornamental colouration in the process of sexual selection and investigated several partial aspects of the association between immunogenetics, immune function, health and the ornament expression and mate choice. In Zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata) we have shown that the present way of...

The diploma thesis deals with the teaching of the first reading focused on the Genetic method. It is divided into theoretical and research part. The theoretical part contains an overview of currently used methods of teaching reading. The Genetic method is described from the historical and present point of view. Also included are an overview of available textbooks for teaching this method. Also it deals with the basic features of reading performance, with the reading level of pupils through diagnostic examinations and with working with lagging readers. The research part deals with the analysis of reading level of pupils of the 1st - 3rd year of the Genetic method. The analysis was performed using diagnostic examinations, which were recorded and subsequently analyzed on the basis of basic reading characters. The research is focused primarily on mistakes against the qualities of reading, which are detailed and compared.

This diploma thesis deals with the opinions of teachers on the inclusion of competitive games in the nursery environment. The aim of the thesis is to find and analyze the opinions of a selected sample of teachers on this issue. The work is divided into four main chapters. The introductory chapters are devoted to the concept of the game of various authors and authorities, to the place of preschool child play in the environment of the kindergarten and also to the separate problems of the competitive game. The main part of the thesis is the analysis and evaluation of the research carried out. The essence of the empirical part is qualitative research. The data acquisition method is a semi-structured interview, through which educators working at the tertiary level of education are asked to include competing games in nursery schools.

Abstact: The overall objective of this thesis is to draw attention to discussion as a teaching technique. Discussion can be used to develop pupils' abilities, which are necessary for social life. The question: "How do teachers understand this technique and then apply it?", is closely linked to this problem. It is worth mentioning that discussion has very bad connotations in the Czech society. It is mainly due to its representation in media, where discussion is usually shown as a fight of arguments with an arrogant attitude, unethical and self-centred word-tiffs. The only goal is to state one's case very fast and to silence the rival. Where else can a different concept of discussion be seen? Where can we encounter discussion that resembles a dialogue? In my oppinion it is at school. I believe that if discussion is used in the right way at school it can help the society. I consider this as a very current issue and its solution very useful. This thesis is based on an assumption that teachers work with this educational technique in an intuitive way and they do not often take advantage of possibilities offered by the discussion that could develop pupils' personal abilities. The main objective of this thesis is to offer a more extensive theoretical background. It means to define the concept of a discussion with...

The thesis deals with the type of font of hand writing which is taught at the elementary schools it the Czech Republic its main symbols and methods of the font rating. In the theoretical part I define the basic concepts, introduces the history, development of writing, actual methods of teaching of hand writing at the elementary schools and the overview of exercise books for practicing of the very first hand writing. In the practical part, I find out using a questionnaire according to which criteria the teachers evaluate children's hand writing. The research part contains written work of children. I analyze the texts where I evaluate qualitative features (shape, size, gradient, binding, modification) of bound and unbound font of writing in the third grade of elementary school. To improve writing skills, I suggest specific didactic utilities, release exercises, act. Key words: The bound font of writing, analytical-synthetic method, The unbound font of writing, genetic method, global method, Sfumato, font rating, qualitative writing symbols, exercise book, release exercises

The Master´s thesis is engaged in valuation of property in Germany. Special focus is given to on valuation methods applicable to apartment value estimation. In order to that comparative and capital valuation methods are described in detail within the scope of the thesis. These methods are applied on the example of apartment valuation of an current apartment in Münster in the thesis. Fundamental components of the thesis are an explanation of basic valuation methods, an explanation of basis terms, a method of determination of average rent, a basic legal regulations and a description of an expert´s assessment. Furthermore the thesis describes as well the actual situation on the real estate market in Germany.

PhD thesis solves problems of mutual comparison of real estate market prices with prices found out in a comparison way according to price regulations. The thesis is focused on real estates of type housing units, flats which are found within the area of former district city Havlíčkův Brod. From time point of view, years 2009 - 2014 were solved. Within this period, first of all data collection was under way followed by grouping information on separate trading in housing units, flats. Obtained market prices were consequently confronted with prices found out in a comparison way according to relevant price regulations. Obtained results were analyzed, this analysis was focused on chosen marks and their qualitative zones at separate indexes. Upon achieved results and newly gained knowledge, partial modifications or corrections in price regulations are proposed. Another output of this thesis is a proposal for introducing new coeficients. These make provision for difference of market and found out prices of housing units, flats in area of former district city Havlíčkův Brod in years 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2014. Thanks to this, common price is possible to estimate retrospectively with the help of price regulations. At the very conclusion of the thesis, these coeficients were applied in different former district city in Vysočina Region, in concrete terms in Žďár nad Sázavou. In this way, possible use of these newly proposed coeficients was introduced in other former district cities as well which is, nevertheless, necessary to be verified in practice or subject to other research.

Sexual ornaments important for mating success in many species are often assumed to evolve as condition-dependent signals of individual quality. Ornament expression can be associated with age and survival, thereby signalling individual viability. Here, we have tested viability signalling function of tail streamers and their importance for within-pair and extra-pair fertilisation success in the European barn swallow (Hirundo rustica rustica). In contrast to previous studies on this subspecies, our data suggest that tail length is not associated with fertilisation success in our population. Instead, the most important predictors of within-pair and extra-pair fertilisation success were female and male age, respectively. Our data supported viability signalling function of male tail streamers, as documented by age-related within- individual increase in their length. There was no evidence for senescence in this trait. Contrary to some previous studies, the viability signalling function of tail streamers was further supported by observed selective disappearance of males with shorter tails. Several physiological mechanisms have been proposed as maintaining signalling honesty. Among them, oxidative stress from highly reactive species (RS), including free radicals, attracted a considerable attention. Given...

My dissertation thesis seeks to explore some specific social aspects of the dialogue between traditional Chinese art and thinking and Czech art scene after the February1948, when the Communist party took power in former Czechoslovakia. I am mainly interested in the problematic of inspiration from traditional Chinese calligraphy and Daoist philosophy on Czech painting, visual poetry and literature in the 1950s and 1960s. I will argue that the appropriation of selected Chinese philosophical and artistic themes helped Czech artists, working under the communist repression, to express their innermost human emotions in relation to home, culture, freedom, and one's artistic and human destiny. The communist regime meant to many artists the end of their official artistic career. Life in seclusion outside the main political and social streams became for some of them an opportunity to display pent-up feelings of affinity with the life stories of the ancient Daoist thinkers. In this context, focus is primarily placed on an analysis of several distinctive visual and literary works by Czech leading artists of the period, especially on the selected works by the visual artists Emil Filla, Jiří Kolář, Vladimír Boudník, Jan Kotík or Zdeněk Sklenář and the novelist Bohumil Hrabal (1914 - 1997) and his world famous...

This thesis considers two questions, "How children aged 12 to 15 years rethinking of biblical texts? And how can using the Philosophy for Children stimulate thinking about faith of children aged 12 to 15 years?" To answer these questions, I chose the qualitative research, which consisted in various discussions in selected focus groups. This dialogue was guided by the principles of philosophy for children. The theoretical part of my thesis deals with the definition of important concepts, such as religious education, catechesis from the perspective of various documents of the Church and other educational programs, and specifying the key differences between these two concepts, define the structure and principles of philosophy for children, but also the historical development of this program. The practical part deals with the qualitative research in focus groups. This research includes discussion of selected focus groups, where individual statements are encoded and then included in the table of frequencies. According to these tables discussions is evaluated in terms of statements frequencies. Subsequently the content of discussions is also evaluated. The codes are divided into categories from which discussions are evaluated in the final summary with answers to the key questions.