Thesis (M.S.)--Universidad de Puerto Rico, Recinto Universitario de Mayagüez, 2005. / Tables. Printout. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 45-51).

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abstract: In 2010, a monthly sampling regimen was established to examine ecological differences in Saguaro Lake and Lake Pleasant, two Central Arizona reservoirs. Lake Pleasant is relatively deep and clear, while Saguaro Lake is relatively shallow and turbid. Preliminary results indicated that phytoplankton biomass was greater by an order of magnitude in Saguaro Lake, and that community structure differed. The purpose of this investigation was to determine why the reservoirs are different, and focused on physical characteristics of the water column, nutrient concentration, community structure of phytoplankton and zooplankton, and trophic cascades induced by fish populations. I formulated the following hypotheses: 1) Top-down control varies between the two reservoirs. The presence of piscivore fish in Lake Pleasant results in high grazer and low primary producer biomass through trophic cascades. Conversely, Saguaro Lake is controlled from the bottom-up. This hypothesis was tested through monthly analysis of zooplankton and phytoplankton communities in each reservoir. Analyses of the nutritional value of phytoplankton and DNA based molecular prey preference of zooplankton provided insight on trophic interactions between phytoplankton and zooplankton. Data from the Arizona Game and Fish Department (AZGFD) provided information on the fish communities of the two reservoirs. 2) Nutrient loads differ for each reservoir. Greater nutrient concentrations yield greater primary producer biomass; I hypothesize that Saguaro Lake is more eutrophic, while Lake Pleasant is more oligotrophic. Lake Pleasant had a larger zooplankton abundance and biomass, a larger piscivore fish community, and smaller phytoplankton abundance compared to Saguaro Lake. Thus, I conclude that Lake Pleasant was controlled top-down by the large piscivore fish population and Saguaro Lake was controlled from the bottom-up by the nutrient load in the reservoir. Hypothesis 2 stated that Saguaro Lake contains more nutrients than Lake Pleasant. However, Lake Pleasant had higher concentrations of dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus than Saguaro Lake. Additionally, an extended period of low dissolved N:P ratios in Saguaro Lake indicated N limitation, favoring dominance of N-fixing filamentous cyanobacteria in the phytoplankton community in that reservoir. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.S. Biology 2011

The focus of the thesis was verifying the effects of fish breeding in production-oriented fish farming on the ecosystem of fish ponds. The observation was conducted in R1 and R3 Boheľov fish ponds in 2014 and 2016 seasons. The RKK and SGR parameters, the natural fish pond production and the overall production were monitored. The monitored chemical and physical parameters included the developments of the essential parameters at two-week intervals; oxygen, pH, transparency, temperature and insoluble substances. Chlorophyll-a, total phosphorus and total nitrogen were monitored to assess the timely trophy in the ponds. To assess the effects on water organism community zooplankton succession by Cladocera, Copepoda and Rotifera taxonomic orders was monitored at two-week intervals. The monitoring also included periodical checking of the biomass of undesired fish that reached the value of 44,5 kg.ha-1 in the R3 pond. Roach (Rutilus rutilus) was the dominating specie. Control fishing was carried out during the seasons to estimate the actual biomass of carp stock. The total production ranged between 922,1 - 1181,5 kg.ha-1. The RKK level was 2,73 - 3,26. The SGR value of 0,902 %.day-1 was reached in stock C1-2. High carp stock influenced the zooplankton communities. During the observation no occurrence of the intermediate zooplankton was found. The prevailing species of the Cladocera order included Bosmina longirostris, Dafnia galeata and D. parvula. In the Cladocera order there was prevalence of Acanthocyclops trajani and in rotifera order there was prevalence of Brachionus calycifloris, Asplanchna priodonta, Polyartha sp. Spearman's correlation confirmed difference between the total zooplankton in R1 pond compared with R3 pond in both seasons (R3 2014: rho=0,066; pval=0,854; R3 2016 rho=-0,018; pval=0,96). The TSI index showed hypertrophic condition in both ponds. The average values of the index were 78,3 (6,2) in R1 and 75,6 (?3,8) in R3. The lowest average oxygen values, namely 3,2 mg.l-1 (2,0), were in pond R3 in 2016. Taking account of the adverse development of the essential parameters (oxygen and clarity deficits) and the status of the trophy certain limitation of the farming intensity was proposed, namely: reducing the carp stock down to 1/3 including a calculation of the production-related financial loss. Reducing the stock is the only way how to make the fish ponds sustainable. Relevant compensation, in line with the effective European regulations, needs to be addressed hand in hand with the proposed measures.

Title of diploma thesis: Evaluation of Production Parameters in Farming Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) of Two Different Lines and of Type Scaliness. The goal of diploma thesis was the evaluation of the production and disposition of the scaly and scaleless line carp kept for production purposes. The test took place in the year 2015 on three similar size fishponds with semi-intensive pisciculture, which manages the company Štičí líheň ESOX, spol. s r.o. On each fishpond has deployed 800 pieces of squamous and 800 pieces of scaleless forms of carp. The fishponds, where the test was conducted, followed the hydrochemical of the water parameters, the quantity and diversity of zooplankton. In the evaluation of production characteristics, was placed the greatest emphasis on the evaluation of the growth, losses during breeding, the production of the fishpond, longitude-weight parameters and the analysis of fish tissues for the evaluation of the quality of the meat and the condition of the fish. From the results, it was found less of survival by scaleless form, but despite this was scaleless form compared to higher production. When evaluating the fishponds each other to achieve the highest survival in both forms of the scaliness on the fishpond Kačeřík. The highest production was achieved on the fishpond Jaroška. The worst results of survival and production have been achieved on the fishpond Černýšovický.

Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Bibliography: Includes bibliographical references (leaves 147-153). Description: xi, 153 leaves : ill. ; 29 cm.

Mangrove habitats are considered as the ideal fish nursery as they are known to increase the growth and survival of juvenile fishes by providing enhanced food availability and protection. However, most studies have focused on tropical mangroves with a few recent warm temperate studies finding conflicting results. Furthermore, the nursery value of South African mangroves to fishes remain understudied in subtropical areas, while warm temperate mangroves are yet to be evaluated. This study aimed to assess whether mangrove presence leads to any advantage to the larvae of an important estuarine resident fish species, Gilchristella aestuaria, by comparing the food patch quality of South African warm temperate mangrove and non-mangrove estuaries. Results indicate that larvae fed primarily on the dominant prey species, Pseudodiaptomus hessei, Paracrtia longipatella, and Acartiella natalensis. However, postflexion larvae consumed more of the larger species, P. hessei, within the two mangrove estuaries (16.09 %V in Nahoon and 13.79 %V in Xhora) than the two nonmangrove estuaries (12.20 %V in Gonubie and 7.05 %V in Qora), despite other prey species occurring at similar densities. Results indicate that mangrove habitats acted as sediment sinks, slightly reducing the turbidity of these estuaries which resulted in postflexion larvae actively selecting larger, more nutritious prey, which in turn, significantly increased their individual instantaneous growth rates (0.11 ± 0.21 Gi) when compared to postflexion larvae in non-mangrove estuaries (0.09 ± 0.12 Gi). This study found that mangrove presence was significantly related to postflexion larval densities when coupled with abiotic (such as temperature and turbidity) and biotic factors (such as predator-prey interactions). Understanding the spatial and temporal dynamics, predator-prey interactions as well as the growth and survival of G. aestuaria is particularly important as they are key zooplanktivores that are prey to other species in estuarine food webs.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-03-29Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:40:06Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 pomari_j_me_botib.pdf: 1726269 bytes, checksum: e6e60f4bcdd97a4244794afc993031a9 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / O Brasil possui uma imensa rede de reservatórios artificiais que são utilizados para múltiplas finalidades, entre elas a piscicultura em tanques-rede. A implantação de sistemas de cultivo em tanques-rede está se desenvolvendo em larga escala, inclusive com incentivos governamentais. É importante lembrar que este tipo de cultivo emprega um volume considerável de insumos para sua produção, gerando uma grande quantidade de resíduos orgânicos e inorgânicos que podem levar a eutrofização das áreas aqüícolas e mudanças nas comunidades aquáticas. Os organismos zooplanctônicos são tidos como elos estruturadores das cadeias alimentares aquáticas, podendo inclusive ter um papel complementar na tilapicultura em tanques redes. Podem ainda ser considerados como indicadores da qualidade de água. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar a composição, riqueza, abundância e diversidade das assembléias zooplanctônicas (Rotifera, Cladocera e Copepoda), e sua relação com mudanças potenciais do grau de trofia relacionadas à implantação de tanques-rede. Os trabalhos de campo foram conduzidos durante um ciclo sazonal completo (novembro de 2006 a novembro de 2007) nas zonas de transição rio-reservatório (Fartura, SP) e na barragem (Chavantes, SP) do reservatório de Chavantes, Rio Paranapanema. São Paulo. As amostragens foram realizadas em áreas com a presença de tanques-rede, bem como em áreas controle, sem efeito da tilapicultura. Além do zooplâncton também foram considerados as variáveis limnológicas (coluna d’água) temperatura, pH, oxigênio dissolvido, condutividade elétrica, transparência, turbidez, clorofila, nitrogênio orgânico total e fósforo total. As influências dos sistemas de cultivo em tanques-rede nas regiões de Chavantes e Fartura, reservatório de Chavantes, rio Paranapanema (SP/PR) puderam ser observadas no presente estudo... / Brazil has a complex network of artificial reservoirs that are used for multiple purposes, including fish farming in cage aquaculture systems. The introduction of cultivation systems in net cages has been is a large-scale development process, which receives governmental incentives. This kind of zootechnical production requires a considerable amount of ration and sanitary products, generating a large quantity of organic and inorganic wastes that can lead to eutrophication of the aquaculture areas. As a consequence it is expected a decrease in the water quality and modifications in the aquatic community. The zooplankton organisms are considered as basic links in the aquatic food webs, and may also have a complementary role in the net cage tilapiculture. The assemblages structure can also be considered as indicators of water quality. This work aimed to analyze the composition, richness, abundance and diversity of the zooplankton assemblages (Rotifera, Cladocera and Copepoda), and its relation to the potential changes of the trophic level related to the introduction of net cages farms. The field work was conducted during a complete seasonal cycle (November 2006 to November 2007) in the river-reservoir transition zone (Fartura, São Paulo State) and in the dam zone (Chavantes, São Paulo State) of Chavantes Reservoir (Paranapanema River, São Paulo/Paraná States). Samplings were taken monthly in areas with the presence of net cages, as well as in control areas (without the tilapiculture effects). Besides the zooplankton the limnological variables (water column) temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity, transparency, turbidity, chlorophyll, total organic nitrogen and total phosphorus were also analyzed. The influence of the fish cultivation systems in the regions could be observed. Due to the eutrophication process, changes in physical and chemical water characteristic... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Mesozooplankton community structure and grazing impact in the Polar Frontal Zone (PFZ) of the Southern Ocean were investigated during two cruises of the South African National Antarctic Programme (SANAP), the Marion Offshore Ecosystem Variability Study I & II (MOEVS). During the first cruise (MOEVS I), a meso-scale oceanographic grid survey was conducted in the upstream region of the Prince Edward Islands (PEI) in austral autumn (April) 2001. Mesozooplankton samples, collected using a Bongo net (fitted with 200 and 300µm mesh nets) at depths between 200 and 300 m, were separated into three size fractions: 200-500 µm; 500-1000 µm; 1000-2000 µm by reverse filtration. Total surface (depth <5 m) chlorophyll-a (chl-a) concentration (measured fluorometrically) during the study ranged between 0.11 and 0.34 µg 1^(-1) and was always dominated by picophytoplankton (<2.0 µm). Total mesozooplankton abundance and biomass during the survey ranged between 49 and 1512 ind. m^(-3) and between 0.7 and 25 mg Dwt. m^(-3), respectively. Throughout the survey, the 200-500 µm class numerically dominated the mesozooplankton community, comprising an average of ~ 69% (SD = ± 12.3%). The dominant species in the 200-500 µm size fraction were the copepods Oithona similis, Calanus simillimus and Metridia lucens and the pteropod, Limacina retroversa. However, in terms of biomass, the 1000-2000 µm group was predominant, with dry weight values constituting an average of ~ 66% (SD = ± 10.2%). Biomass was dominated by carnivorous zooplankton, particularly the euphausiids, Euphausia vallentini and Thysanoessa vicina and the chaetognaths, Sagitta gazellae and Eukrohnia hamata. Three distinct groupings of stations were identified by multivariate analysis. The different station groupings identified reflect changes in the relative contributions of the rather than different species assemblages. During the second cruise (MOEVS II), conducted in April 2002 (austral autumn), mesozooplankton community structure and grazing impact were investigated at 13 stations in the west Indian sector of the PFZ. Total integrated chl-a biomass ranged between 11.17 and 28.34 mg chl-a m^(-2) and was always dominated by nano- and picophytoplankton (<20 µm). Throughout the study, small copepods, mainly Oithona similis and Ctenocalanus vanus, numerically dominated the mesozooplankton community comprising up to 85% (range 30 to 85%) of the total abundance. Grazing activity of the four most abundant copepods (O. similis, C. vanus, Calanus simillimus and Clausocalanus spp.), which comprised up to 93% of total mesozooplankton abundance, was investigated using the gut fluorescent technique. Results of gut fluorescence analyses indicated that C. simillimus, Clausocalanus spp. and Ctenocalanus vanus exhibited diel variability in gut pigments, with maximum values at various stages of the night. In contrast, O. similis did not demonstrate diel variation in gut pigment contents. Ingestion rates of the four copepods ranged from 23.23 to 1462.02 ng (pigm.) ind^(-1) day^(-1), depending on the species. The combined grazing impact of the four copepods, ranged between 1 and 36% of the phytoplankton standing stock per day, with the highest daily impact (~ 35.86%) occurring at stations in the vicinity of the Antarctic Polar Front. Among the copepods, O. similis and C. vanus were generally the most important consumers of phytoplankton biomass; together they were responsible for up to 89% (range 15 to 89%) of the total daily grazing impact. Carbon specific ingestion rates of the copepods varied between 42 and 320% body carbon per day, depending on the species. The study highlights the importance of small copepods in terms of both their significant contribution to total mesozooplankton numbers and their grazing impact on the phytoplankton standing stocks in the PFZ during austral autumn.