碩士 / 國立交通大學 / 語言與文化研究所 / 91 / Tonal coarticulation occurs in combinations of any tone types (Shen, 1990), except for the combination of Tone 3s, which requires factors more than tonal coarticulation. When a Tone 3 morpheme combines another syllable, it either becomes 21 when it is followed by a non-T3 morpheme; or if the Tone 3 morpheme is followed by another Tone 3 morpheme, the tonal value of the first Tone 3 becomes 35. When two Tone 3 morphemes are linked together, regardless of whether the semantic relationships of the two morphemes are related or not, tonal coarticulation occurs; moreover, the first syllable is usually generalized as Tone 2. In this case, it is generally assumed that Mandarin Tone 2 and sandhi Tone 3 are perceptually the same.
In previous researches, such as phonetic production experiments, perceptual identification experiments were conducted in order to clarify the mystery of third tone sandhi in Mandarin. In all perception tests, native Mandarin speakers identified sandhi Tone 3 as Tone 2; while in production tests, subjects produced sandhi T3 slightly differently from Tone 2 but without strong significant statistic difference. Therefore Tone 2 and sandhi Tone 3 are neutralized according to the results of previous production and perception studies. However, in a categorization test, Taiwanese Mandarin speakers tended to categorize sandhi Tone 3 as Tone 3 rather than Tone 2 (Peng, 2000). Thus, there remain questions about the neutralization of Tone 3 in sandhi form. The asymmetric results among the tests that Peng conducted could have arisen from the stimuli used which were real words. When exposed to real words, lexical tones fixed in subjects’ mind could influence subjects’ choices in their memory rather with the real deeper mental process. Moreover, in Concept Formation (Jeager, 1986), which was a paradigm used in Peng’s categorization test, before the combination of T3 + T3 (would perceptually be recognized as T2 + T3) was presented as test items in the test session, subjects were exposed to T2 + T3 first in the learning session. This might also cause an effect on Peng’s work. Therefore, in this study, we conducted two psychological experiments. First, in CF test, we avoided preforming the ambiguous category of the sandhi combination (T2 + T3 and T3 + T3) and included a semantic judgment step in the experiment to force the subjects to undergo a deeper mental lexical processing. To avoid the orthography interference, half of the testing items were nonsense, and word frequencies of all test items are properly controlled. Second, a reaction time survey based on priming effect was also tested. The subjects must make responses as fast as possible to the characters appearing on a PC screen during the test, and nonsense words were also used. Our basic assumption is that since sandhi Tone 3 was said to be statistically not significantly different form Tone 2 both in production and identification tests, this neutralization should also be found in the psychological research.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:TW/091NCTU0462009 |
| Date | January 2003 |
| Creators | LO, WEI-PING, 羅溦憑 |
| Contributors | Wang, H. Samuel, 王旭 |
| Source Sets | National Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations in Taiwan |
| Language | zh-TW |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | 學位論文 ; thesis |
| Format | 62 |
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