同客体效应通常被用来支持基于物体的注意分配这一理论观点，该效应已被广大研究者所证实。但是，与之同时，有些研究者报告发现与同客体效应完全相反的效应---异客体效应。因此，本文旨在探究为何这两种看似矛盾的效应会在不同的研究中出现，从而解决由这两类效应引发的冲突。研究一通过6个实验并且采用不同的刺激、任务以及研究范式来检验异客体效应的稳定性以及普遍性。研究结果表明，正如已被广泛探究和验证的同客体效应一样，异客体效应同样也是一种有效稳定并且普遍存在的效应，该效应可以在不同的实验情境下出现。这些结果激发了研究二中探讨的一系列新的问题。即，既然异客体效应也是一种有效稳定并且普遍存在的效应，而并非只是一些特定方法的产物，那为什么该效应会发生，其内在的心理机制是什么？此外，假如同客体与异客体这两种效应都是有效稳定的效应，那么这两种效应分别会在什么时候出现，以及哪些因素可以预测决定这两种效应的出现。研究二通过5个实验并且调控两个目标子之间的一致性来探究以上问题。结果发现，当两个目标子是相同的刺激（甚至当两个目标子只是在身份上一样而物理特征上不一样），异客体效应出现；而当两个目标子是不同刺激时，则同客体效应出现。此外，这些结果已经被证明并不仅仅是由于被试的反应偏差所导致的。总得来说，本次研究结果证明 1）异客体效应与同客体效应一样，也是一种有效稳定并且普遍存在的效应； 2）两目标子之间的一致性可以预测决定同客体或是异客体效应的出现。 / The same-object advantage (SOA) effect is usually cited as evidence favoring the view of object-based attention. However, the different-object advantage (DOA) effect, which appears to be the opposite of the SOA effect, has also been reported by some researchers. The present study was designed to resolve this apparent inconsistency. In Study 1, I tested the robustness and generality of the DOA effect through a series of six experiments (Experiments 1-6) by exploiting different stimuli, tasks and paradigms. The results demonstrated that, as the well-documented SOA effect, the DOA effect was also a robust effect that can emerge under numerous circumstances, rather than just the byproducts of certain methods. These findings motived the second study in which I attempted to investigate the mechanism underlie DOA effect, as well as to explore critical factors that can predict the presences of SOA and DOA effects. Specifically, with a series of another five experiments (Experiments 7-11), I manipulated the identicality between two targets and found the SOA effect when the targets were different but the DOA effect when they were identical (even when the targets just share a common identity but different physical formats). These findings have been proved not just arose from any possible response bias. Taken together, the results of the present study demonstrate that 1) the DOA effect was also a robust effect as the SOA effect, and 2) the occurrences of SOA versus DOA effects can be critically determined by the identicality between targets. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Chen, Hui. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2013. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 96-103). / Abstracts also in Chinese. / Abstract --- p.II / Chinese Abstract --- p.IV / Acknowledgements --- p.V / Contents --- p.VII / Chapter Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1. --- Previous studies on the SOA effect --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1.1. --- SOA effect based on divided-attention paradigm: --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1.2. --- SOA effect based on spatial-cuing paradigm --- p.5 / Chapter 1.2. --- Theories of SOA effect --- p.6 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Sensory enhancement hypothesis --- p.7 / Chapter 1.2.2. --- Attentional shifting hypothesis --- p.9 / Chapter 1.2.3. --- Attentional prioritization hypothesis --- p.11 / Chapter 1.3. --- The factors that can affect SOA effect --- p.14 / Chapter 1.3.1. --- Cue-target stimulus onset asynchrony --- p.15 / Chapter 1.3.2. --- Object preview time --- p.16 / Chapter 1.3.3. --- Goodness of the object --- p.17 / Chapter 1.3.4. --- Spatial extent of attention --- p.18 / Chapter 1.4. --- Previous studies on the DOA effect --- p.19 / Chapter Chapter 2. --- The current study --- p.23 / Chapter 2.1. --- Aim of the present study --- p.23 / Chapter 2.2. --- Overview of the present study --- p.23 / Chapter Chapter 3. --- Study 1: The robustness and generality of the DOA effect --- p.25 / Chapter 3.1. --- Experiment 1 --- p.25 / Chapter 3.1.1. --- Method --- p.25 / Chapter 3.1.2. --- Results --- p.27 / Chapter 3.1.3. --- Discussion --- p.29 / Chapter 3.2. --- Experiment 2 --- p.30 / Chapter 3.2.1. --- Method --- p.30 / Chapter 3.2.2. --- Results --- p.31 / Chapter 3.2.3. --- Discussion --- p.33 / Chapter 3.3. --- Experiment 3 --- p.34 / Chapter 3.3.1. --- Method --- p.34 / Chapter 3.3.2. --- Results --- p.36 / Chapter 3.3.3. --- Discussion --- p.37 / Chapter 3.4. --- Experiment 4 --- p.38 / Chapter 3.4.1. --- Method --- p.39 / Chapter 3.4.2. --- Results --- p.40 / Chapter 3.4.3. --- Discussion --- p.43 / Chapter 3.5. --- Experiment 5 --- p.44 / Chapter 3.5.1. --- Method --- p.44 / Chapter 3.5.2. --- Results --- p.46 / Chapter 3.5.3. --- Discussion --- p.47 / Chapter 3.6 --- Experiment 6 --- p.48 / Chapter 3.6.1. --- Method --- p.48 / Chapter 3.6.2. --- Results --- p.51 / Chapter 3.6.3. --- Discussion --- p.53 / Chapter Chapter 4. --- Study 2: The mechanism underlie DOA effect and the factor that determine the occurrence of SOA vs. DOA effect --- p.55 / Chapter 4.1 --- Experiment 7 --- p.57 / Chapter 4.1.1. --- Method --- p.57 / Chapter 4.1.2. --- Results --- p.59 / Chapter 4.1.3. --- Discussion --- p.61 / Chapter 4.2 --- Experiment 8 --- p.61 / Chapter 4.2.1. --- Method --- p.62 / Chapter 4.2.2. --- Results --- p.63 / Chapter 4.2.3. --- Discussion --- p.64 / Chapter 4.3 --- Experiment 9 --- p.65 / Chapter 4.3.1. --- Method --- p.66 / Chapter 4.3.2. --- Results --- p.67 / Chapter 4.3.3. --- Discussion --- p.69 / Chapter 4.4 --- Experiment 10 --- p.69 / Chapter 4.4.1. --- Method --- p.70 / Chapter 4.4.2. --- Results --- p.71 / Chapter 4.4.3. --- Discussion --- p.72 / Chapter 4.5 --- Experiment 11 --- p.74 / Chapter 4.5.1. --- Method --- p.74 / Chapter 4.5.2. --- Results --- p.76 / Chapter 4.5.3. --- Discussion --- p.78 / Chapter Chapter 5. --- General discussion --- p.79 / Chapter 5.1 --- Overview of present findings --- p.79 / Chapter 5.2 --- When can SOA effect happen? --- p.81 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- The initial distribution of attention --- p.82 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- The relationship between targets and objects --- p.84 / Chapter 5.3 --- When can DOA effect happen? --- p.86 / Chapter 5.4 --- How can SOA effect happen? --- p.88 / Chapter 5.5 --- How can DOA effect happen? --- p.90 / Chapter 5.6 --- The possible relationships between SOA and DOA effects --- p.92 / Chapter 5.7 --- Limitations and future directions --- p.93 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.96
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:cuhk.edu.hk/oai:cuhk-dr:cuhk_328667 |
| Date | January 2013 |
| Contributors | Chen, Hui, Chinese University of Hong Kong Graduate School. Division of Psychology. |
| Source Sets | The Chinese University of Hong Kong |
| Language | English, Chinese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Text, bibliography |
| Format | electronic resource, electronic resource, remote, 1 online resource (viii, 103 leaves) : ill. (some col.) |
| Rights | Use of this resource is governed by the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons “Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International” License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) |
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