Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Political Science, 2013. / Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. / Includes bibliographical references (pages 69-77). / Excessive sodium consumption is both prevalent and very costly in many countries around the world. Recent research has found that more than 90% of the world's adult population live in countries with mean intakes exceeding the World Health Organization's recommendation, and that more than a million deaths every year may be attributable to excess sodium. This study uses a simulation model to estimate, for the first time, the cost-effectiveness of government interventions to reduce population sodium consumption in every country in the world. It reveals substantial heterogeneity in cost-effectiveness by country that has never before been identified, and illustrates, also for the first time, the sensitivity of intervention efficacy to the theoretical-minimum-risk exposure distribution of sodium intake. The study makes a number of additional contributions. It offers a comprehensive appraisal of the methodological strengths and limitations of the surveys, imputation models, randomized controlled trials, prospective cohort studies, meta-analyses, and simulation models that together constitute the evidence base for public health recommendations on sodium intake, as well as for this study's own analysis. These methodological issues, some raised for the first time, are evaluated systematically to allow the relative quality of each input to be assessed and to inform prioritization of further research. The study also uses economic theory to ground a discussion of the proper nature and scope of government policies targeting population sodium consumption, and presents an up-to-date survey of sodium reduction initiatives around the world. / by Michael William Webb. / S.M.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:MIT/oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/84846 |
| Date | January 2013 |
| Creators | Webb, Michael William, S.M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| Contributors | David Andrew Singer., Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Political Science., Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Political Science. |
| Publisher | Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| Source Sets | M.I.T. Theses and Dissertation |
| Language | English |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Thesis |
| Format | 77 pages, application/pdf |
| Rights | M.I.T. theses are protected by copyright. They may be viewed from this source for any purpose, but reproduction or distribution in any format is prohibited without written permission. See provided URL for inquiries about permission., http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/7582 |
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