Antibiotic resistance profiles and the correlation of enteric bacterial pathogens from HIV positive individuals
with and without diarrhoea and their household drinking water were determined using the Kirby
Bauer disk diffusion and polymerase chain reaction methods respectively. The sef gene of Salmonella
enteritidis was amplified with the primer pair sefA-1 and sefA-2. The fliC gene of Salmonella typhimurium
was amplified with the primer pair flicA-1 and flicA-2. Heat-labile toxin (LT) primers (Lta and LTb) were
used to amplify Escherichia coli isolates and VirA1 and VirA2 for the Vir A gene of Shigella dysenteriae.
Results of antibiotic resistance profiles of enteric bacterial pathogens isolated from stool samples of HIV
positive and negative individuals with and without diarrhea and their household drinking water showed
very similar drug resistance patterns. Over 90% of all the organisms isolated from the various study
cohorts showed resistance to penicillin, cloxacillin and amoxicillin. Conversely, almost all the organisms
were sensitive to ciprofloxacin, gentamycin, meropenem and imipenem. About 50% of E. coli isolated
from the various study cohorts showed multiple antibiotic resistance to penicillin, amoxicillin, ampicillin,
erythromycin, tetracycline, doxycycline and cotri-moxazole ( PR, AR, APR, ER, TR, DXTR, and TSR ) whereas
less than 10% resistance was consistently reported for ofloxacin, gentamycin, meropenem cefotaxime,
cefuroxime and imipenem ( OFXS, GMS, MEMS, CTXS, CXMS and IMIS ). The majority of Salmonella and
Shigella isolates from all the groups were sensitive to ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, amikacin, meropenem,
imipenem, nalidixic acid, kanamycin, piperacillin-tazo bactam, cefuroxime, doxycyclin, cefepime and
ceftazidime (CIPS, GMS, AKS, MEMS, IMIS, NAS, KNS, DXTS, CXMS, CPMS, CAZS and PTZS). For
Campylobacter, over 30% of the isolates were resistant to erythromycin, ampicillin, tetracycline,
cotrimoxazole and ceftazidime (ER, APR TSR and CAZR) whereas over 85% were susceptible to
ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, gentamycin, amikacin, mero-penem, and nalidixic acid (CIPS, OFXS, GMS, AKS,
MEMS and NAS). In addition to penicillin, amoxicillin, ampicillin and erythromycin, Aeromonas and
Plesiomonas spp were more resistant to chloramphenicol, but were susceptible to ciprofloxacin,
gentamycin, amikacin, meropenem, imipenem and nalidixic acid (CIPS, GMS, AKS, MEMS, IMIS and NAS).
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) experiments using targeted species genes of S. enteritidis, S.
typhimurium, E. coli, Sh. dysenteriae showed that isolates from stool samples of HIV positive and HIV
negative individuals with and without diarrhoea were also present in the household drinking water of the
same study cohorts, suggesting that drinking water may have been the sources of the organisms in stool
sample. Furthermore, by showing that the primers were able to amplify the genes in both clinical and
environmental isolates, the link between the virulence of the pathogens was established
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:netd.ac.za/oai:union.ndltd.org:tut/oai:encore.tut.ac.za:d1001720 |
| Date | 16 April 2007 |
| Creators | Ramalivhana, J, Obi, CL, Momba, MNB, Onabolu, B, Igumbor, JO, Lukoto, M, Mulaudzi, TB, Bessong P.O., Jansen van Rensburg, EL, Green, E, Ndou, S |
| Publisher | African Journal of Biotechnology |
| Source Sets | South African National ETD Portal |
| Language | English |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Text |
| Format | |
| Rights | © 2007 Academic Journals |
| Relation | Academic Journals |
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