Background: Major aims of the psychological research in PCOS were: (1) to compare the prevalence of depressive symptoms in women with PCOS to controls; (2) to determine whether depression and psychological traits (anger, anxiety, hostility/cynicism) and satisfaction with life are associated with PCOS (3) to determine the prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome (MS) in PCOS cases and controls (4) to determine if psychological factors are risk factors for Metabolic Syndrome independent of age, marital status, education, and parity (5) to determine if psychological factors, independent of baseline cardiovascular risk factors, are a risk factor for IMT in women with PCOS.
Design: Prospective and cross sectional.
Methods: Cases (n=161) and controls (n=161) matched on age, race, and neighborhood a subset of the Cardiovascular Health and Risk Measurement study (CHARM) investigating coronary heart disease risk factors in women with PCOS. Psychological measures were Beck Depression Inventory I (BDI I), Speilberger Trait Anger and Anxiety Scales, Cook-Medley Scale, Diener Satisfaction with Life Scale.
Results: PCOS women had a higher prevalence of depression (BDI scores > 9; predominately a mild level of depression): 31% vs. 17% in controls (P=.016; OR 1.9; CI 1.55-2.16). Within cases, BMI, education, and parity were statistically significant predictors of depression, p<.05. The odds of being depressed (at least mild severity) increased by 6% for each unit increase of BMI, the odds of being depressed decreased by 20% for each year of education, and the odds of being depressed increased by 44% for parity (per live birth). The odds of having PCOS increased with each unit of BDI score by 1.06 times, adjusting for marital status, BMI, smoking, and education (entire sample).
Results from MS, 27% (n=40) of the cases and 9.9% (n=15) of the controls had MS (p<.05; OR 3.4; CI 1.726-6.400. The odds of having MS increased by 10% for each year of age and threefold for PCOS cases.
There were no effects from the psychological factors independent baseline cardiovascular risk factors on IMT.
Conclusions: Depression is a major psychological concern in PCOS.
Public Health Significance: Women with PCOS should be screened on diagnosis and monitored closely for depression.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:PITT/oai:PITTETD:etd-04072009-181007 |
| Date | 29 June 2009 |
| Creators | Cipkala-Gaffiin, Janet A. |
| Contributors | Evelyn O. Talbott Dr. PH, Mi-Kyung Song PhD, John Wilson PhD, Emma Barinas-Mitchell PhD, Charlotte Brown PhD |
| Publisher | University of Pittsburgh |
| Source Sets | University of Pittsburgh |
| Language | English |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | text |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Source | http://etd.library.pitt.edu/ETD/available/etd-04072009-181007/ |
| Rights | restricted, I hereby certify that, if appropriate, I have obtained and attached hereto a written permission statement from the owner(s) of each third party copyrighted matter to be included in my thesis, dissertation, or project report, allowing distribution as specified below. I certify that the version I submitted is the same as that approved by my advisory committee. I hereby grant to University of Pittsburgh or its agents the non-exclusive license to archive and make accessible, under the conditions specified below, my thesis, dissertation, or project report in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known. I retain all other ownership rights to the copyright of the thesis, dissertation or project report. I also retain the right to use in future works (such as articles or books) all or part of this thesis, dissertation, or project report. |
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