The U.S. frozen dessert business, including retail and foodservice markets, is the largest in the world. There is a need for deserts that offer better nutritional attributes, such as antioxidants than traditional deserts. Purple rice bran oil (PRBO) is an excellent source of natural antioxidants including tocopherol, tocotrienol, and oryzanol. Adding nano-emulsions of purple rice bran oil (NPRBO) to many products including frozen yogurts (FY) will improve the nutritional profile of the product by substantially increasing the natural antioxidant content. This fortification may have the potential to broaden the FY market.
The objectives of this study were to develop and evaluate a frozen yogurt with NPRBO. A stable emulsion was prepared using PRBO (10%), sodium caseinate (5%) and water (85%). The emulsion was sonicated followed by ultra-shearing to produce the nano-emulsion. The nano-emulsion was mixed with the frozen yogurt ingredients to produce a FY-containing-NPRBO (FYNRO). Plain-frozen-yogurt (PFY) and frozen-yogurt-with-sodium caseinate (5%) (FYSC) were used as controls. The yogurts were analyzed for total aerobes (ACP), lactic acid bacteria (LAB), thiobarbituric-acid-reactive-substances (TBARS), peroxide value (PV), rheological properties, microstructure, and α-tocopherol, γ-tocotrienol, and γ-oryzanol content. Triplicate experiments were conducted and data was analyzed at α = 0.05. All of the frozen yogurts had similar texture, melting rate, overrun, fat instability, pH, color and microbial counts. No coliforms were found, ACP counts were <10 CFU/g, and LAB counts were similar for all FY. PVs (mmol/kg of FY) were 3.55, 2.38 and 2.13 for FYNRO, FYSC, and PFY, respectively, while TBARS (µmoles malonaldehyde /kg of FY) values 5.2, 4.57, and 4.66 for FYNRO, FYSC, and PFY, respectively. FYNRO had 6.51 (µg/g oil) α-tocopherol, 12.89 (µg/g oil) γ-tocotrienol, and 754.44 (µg/g oil) γ-oryzanol. No significant physical, chemical, and or microbial properties changed in FYNRO during six weeks of storage at -22 °C. The study demonstrated that FY could be fortified with NPRBO to create a product with unique marketing potential.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:LSU/oai:etd.lsu.edu:etd-11092012-124855 |
| Date | 16 November 2012 |
| Creators | Alfaro Sanabria, Luis Alonso |
| Contributors | Bankston, Joseph D., King, Joan M., Hayes, Daniel, Boeneke, Charles, Sathivel, Subramaniam |
| Publisher | LSU |
| Source Sets | Louisiana State University |
| Language | English |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | text |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Source | http://etd.lsu.edu/docs/available/etd-11092012-124855/ |
| Rights | unrestricted, I hereby certify that, if appropriate, I have obtained and attached herein a written permission statement from the owner(s) of each third party copyrighted matter to be included in my thesis, dissertation, or project report, allowing distribution as specified below. I certify that the version I submitted is the same as that approved by my advisory committee. I hereby grant to LSU or its agents the non-exclusive license to archive and make accessible, under the conditions specified below and in appropriate University policies, my thesis, dissertation, or project report in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known. I retain all other ownership rights to the copyright of the thesis, dissertation or project report. I also retain the right to use in future works (such as articles or books) all or part of this thesis, dissertation, or project report. |
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