Understanding climate change and variability at urban scale is essential for water resource
management, land use planning, and development of adaption plans. However, there are serious
challenges to meet these goals due to unavailability of observed and / or simulated high
resolution spatial and temporal climate data. Recent efforts made possible the availability of high
resolution climate data from non-hydrostatic regional climate model (RCM) and statistically
downscaled General Circulation Models (GCMs). This study investigates trends in climate and
urbanization and their impact on surface water supply for the city of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
The methodology presented in this study focused on the observed and projected NIMRHadGEM2-
AO model and Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) of B2 and A2 of
HadCM3 model are also employed for rainfall, maximum temperature and minimum temperature
data using for climate analysis. Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) modeling system was
used for determination of climate and urbanization impacts on water. Land-Sat images were
analyzed using Normalized Differencing Vegetation Index (NDVI). Statistical downscaling
model (SDSM) was employed to investigate the major changes and intensity of the urban heat
island (UHI). The result indicates monthly rainfall anomalies with respect to the baseline mean showing wet anomaly in summer (kiremt) during 2030s and 2050s, and a dry anomaly in the
2080s under A2 and B2 scenarios with exception of a wet anomaly in September over the city.
The maximum temperature anomalies under Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) also
show warming during near, mid and end terms. The mean monthly minimum temperature
anomalies under A2 and B2 scenarios are warm but the anomalies are much lower than RCPs.
The climate under the RCP 8.5 and high population growth (3.3 %) scenario will lead to the
unmet demand of 462.77 million m3 by 2039. Future projection of urban heat island under
emission pathway of A2 and B2 scenario shows that, the nocturnal UHI will be intense in winter
or dry season episodes in the city. Under A2 scenario the highest urban warming will occur
during October to December (2.5 ºC to 3.2 ºC). Under RCP 8.5 scenario the highest urban
warming will occur during October to December (0.5 ºC to 1.0 °C) in the 2050s and 2080s.
Future management and adaptation strategies are to expand water supply to meet future demand
and to implement demand side water management systems of the city and UHI / College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences / Ph. D. (Environmental Management)
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:netd.ac.za/oai:union.ndltd.org:unisa/oai:uir.unisa.ac.za:10500/23496 |
| Date | 01 1900 |
| Creators | Bisrat Kifle Arsiso |
| Contributors | Stoffberg, G. H., Tsidu, G. M. |
| Source Sets | South African National ETD Portal |
| Language | English |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Thesis |
| Format | 1 online resource (xxxii, 195 leaves) : color graphs, color maps |
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