Objective: To: 1)determine the prevalence and incidence of ED in males with T1D enrolled in the Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complication (EDC) study from 1986 to 2007; 2)identify risk factors for development of ED; 3)identify the development of ED in relation to other markers of neuropathy; and, 4) determine behavioral and cognitive risk factors associated with the development of ED.
Design: The EDC was a cohort study of 333 males with T1D: mean age of 27.53years (SD±7.8, range 8.5-47.4); 331 Caucasians and 2 African Americans; and, duration of diabetes of 19.6years (SD±7.5, range 7.7-37.4). Age-specific ED prevalence was determined from baseline (1986-1988) while age-specific incidence was determined from longitudinal data (1988-2007).
Results: Prevalence rate was 10.4 %. Thirty-one had ED: mean age of 35.8years (SD±5.3, range 22.9-44.8) and mean duration of diabetes 26.9years (SD±5.9, range 8.1-37.4). Males with prevalent ED did not statistically differ from males without ED in metabolic control (HbA1), education, income, or the current use of ACE or lipid lowering medications. Associated risk factors for the 31 prevalent cases included; CDSP, HDL and BDI score. Incidence rate was 17.78 % (n=54) from 1989-2007 with a mean age of 40.61years (SD±5.9, range 26.7-60.8) and mean duration of diabetes of 32.54years (SD±5.88, range 20.9-51-9). Mean HbA1 was 10.68% (SD±2.19). Associated risk factors for the 54 incident cases included; CDSP, nonHDL cholesterol, and BDI score. E/I Ratio was significant (p<.01) at the time of the event, but not in the preceding event cycle (p=.18). CDSP was significant (p<.01) in the preceding cycle to ED development and at the time of event (p<.01). For the repeated measure analysis, CDSP was significant in the preceding cycle to the ED development but not at the time of the event. The following differences were found between those with and without ED: knowledge of diabetes (p=.04); self-management (p=.10); and, perception of severity (p=.08). However no significant difference was found between the two groups for self-efficacy.
CONCLUSION: CDSP, HDL, nonHDL and total BDI score were risk factors for development of ED in males with T1D. Therefore, these should be assessed for frequently in males with T1D.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:PITT/oai:PITTETD:etd-01072009-120113 |
| Date | 12 January 2009 |
| Creators | Fischl, Andrea F. Rodgers |
| Contributors | Dr. Trevor Orchard, Dr. Jan Dorman, Dr. Denise Charron-Prochownik, Dr. Susan Sereika |
| Publisher | University of Pittsburgh |
| Source Sets | University of Pittsburgh |
| Language | English |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | text |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Source | http://etd.library.pitt.edu/ETD/available/etd-01072009-120113/ |
| Rights | restricted, I hereby certify that, if appropriate, I have obtained and attached hereto a written permission statement from the owner(s) of each third party copyrighted matter to be included in my thesis, dissertation, or project report, allowing distribution as specified below. I certify that the version I submitted is the same as that approved by my advisory committee. I hereby grant to University of Pittsburgh or its agents the non-exclusive license to archive and make accessible, under the conditions specified below, my thesis, dissertation, or project report in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known. I retain all other ownership rights to the copyright of the thesis, dissertation or project report. I also retain the right to use in future works (such as articles or books) all or part of this thesis, dissertation, or project report. |
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