Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder and has a rapidly increasing prevalence. It is characterized by motor deficits, primarily resting tremor, rigidity, postural instability, and bradykinesia, associated with the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons and formation of Lewy bodies. Current pharmacological treatments address mainly the primary motor symptoms of the disease and do not provide protection against further neurodegeneration. Therefore, complementary interventions are examined for their potential role in reducing symptoms, both motor and non-motor, and rate of PD progression. The Mediterranean, ketogenic, and MIND diets are promising interventions that simulate fasting states, thereby inducing adaptive and protective cellular stress responses. The large quantities of foods high in antioxidants, anti-inflammatory effects, and healthy fats recommended by these diet plans may combat PD pathology, particularly neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Ketogenic diets, in addition, provide more efficient brain energy sources, in the form of ketone bodies, that may further curb effects of mitochondrial dysfunction. Fats, omega-3 fatty acids in particular, provide significant, clinically relevant neuroprotection from the disease and supplementation is recommended. PD patients, on average, have insufficient serum levels of certain vitamins which may contribute to PD progression. When supplemented in large amounts, these vitamins may have the opposite effect. Certain foods, such as dairy products, red meats, and highly processed foods, are associated with increased risk of PD and may be considered neurodegenerative. Sodas, especially diet sodas, are significantly correlated with more rapid disease progression and increased symptom severity. Physical activity is highly recommended for PD patients for its motor and non-motor benefits and neuroprotective roles. Among the most effective forms of PA are suggested to be aerobic exercise and progressive training programs. Consistent exercise is advised for consistent cognitive benefits and alleviation of other symptoms. The potential benefits of cognitive training for individuals with PD remain to be seen. Further research in all areas is needed to elucidate the most effective complementary interventions in combating PD.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:bu.edu/oai:open.bu.edu:2144/45537 |
| Date | 30 January 2023 |
| Creators | Cederwall, Annika J. |
| Contributors | Abraham, Carmela R. |
| Source Sets | Boston University |
| Language | en_US |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Thesis/Dissertation |
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