[pt] O fenômeno da urbanização traz consigo o problema de mobilidade urbana nos grandes centros. A necessidade de vencer médias distâncias em um curto espaço de tempo resultou em um aumento na frota mundial de helicópteros. De acordo com os dados coletados na Agência Nacional de Aviação Civil (ANAC, 2019), a frota brasileira de helicópteros, com registro ativo, aumentou substancialmente nos últimos 40 anos, gerando grandes impactos na implantação de helipontos em áreas urbanas já consolidadas. Um desses impactos diz respeito à poluição sonora e consequentemente os efeitos decorrentes do ruído nas comunidades vizinhas aos locais de pouso e decolagem dessas aeronaves. O objetivo desta pesquisa consiste em discutir como compatibilizar os ruídos gerados com a implantação de helipontos em áreas urbanas já consolidadas por meio de modelagem de projeto baseada em marco teórico legal contemporâneo. A metodologia tem início com a revisão de literatura do planejamento urbano e ambiental, com vistas a acrescentar subsídios teóricos aos debates sobre a legislação que orienta e disciplina o licenciamento de helipontos em grandes metrópoles, análise dos pedidos de licenciamento ambiental e urbanístico, tendo como estudo de caso o licenciamento urbano e ambiental de helipontos no município do Rio de Janeiro e as evoluções tecnológicas para mitigação do ruído. / [en] The use of helicopter aircraft has increased dramatically in recent decades. Following countries like Japan, Australia, United Kingdom, France, Canada and the United States, Brazil has the seventh worldwide helicopter fleet. The city of São Paulo in 2005 was considered in the international ranking, as the second city in number of helicopters in operation (Alves, 2018). The survey of the number of helicopters in 2013 indicated 2076 registered helicopters, with 70 percent of the fleet concentrated in the states of São Paulo (723), Rio de Janeiro (467) and Minas Gerais (246). The Brazilian helicopter fleet has 1398 aircrafts with active registration in May 2018 (reference year: 2017), which corresponds to 14.79 percent of the total of this type of aircraft, which adds up to 9,452 helicopters. Of the total fleet of registered aircraft, the state of São Paulo has 33 percent of the fleet, followed by Rio de Janeiro with 20 percent and Minas Gerais with 11 percent. (ANAC, 2017) Despite the slight drop in the number of aircraft registered since 2016, the trend line continues to increase.Brazil has a large territorial area, occupying the fifth place in the world in countries in this category. Since 1927 the air transport sector has evolved with the economy. The 1994 economic stabilization plan leveraged the sector with significant growth in Brazilian tourism, generating an increase in employment and income, mainly after being chosen to host important sporting events on a global scale, such as the World Cup in 2014 and the 2016 Olympic Games, which significantly boosted the Brazilian air transport sector (Santos, 2015).
All this increase in the aeronautical sector brought positive impacts to the economy, mainly in the area of tourism. However, it had a negative impact with regard to noise pollution in the communities surrounding these areas. Following the same path, the implementation of helipads has caused many disturbances to the neighborhood. Noise pollution from overflights, landings and takeoffs, in addition to the risk of accidents, brought up the issue of urban and environmental licensing of helipads.
Noise pollution is anthropic pollution and is directly related to urbanization processes, which have been exacerbated with industrialization. In addition, it has a specificity, noise leaves no residue, environmental damage concerns the harm that causes health. It is noted that the concern with urban noise has been increasing in the same proportion as industrial development and population concentration. Consolidated urban areas find it difficult to reconcile activities and enterprises that have high noise levels with the permanence of the population around these areas. The emergence of new environmental technologies for noise reduction, especially in the airport sector and more specifically for helipads inserted in urban areas, as the case in the city of Rio de Janeiro, has mitigated the discomfort in the surrounding communities in the implementation of these projects, which encouraged research in this sector.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:puc-rio.br/oai:MAXWELL.puc-rio.br:50056 |
| Date | 26 October 2020 |
| Creators | CARLA JORDAO CANELLA GOMES |
| Contributors | CELSO ROMANEL |
| Publisher | MAXWELL |
| Source Sets | PUC Rio |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | TEXTO |
Page generated in 0.0022 seconds