FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico / O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar o desempenho da fotocatÃlise heterogÃnea associada à eletro-oxidaÃÃo compondo um fotoreator hÃbrido (tempo de contato: 2,75; 5,5 e 11 min.) prÃ-tratando Ãgua eutrofizada, comparando com o uso do cloro (5 e 10 mg.L-1) e diÃxido de cloro (1,2 mg.L-1), submetidas à filtraÃÃo direta descendente (hidroxicloreto de alumÃnio a 5,4 mg.L-1 e polÃmero polyDADMAC a 2,0 mg.L-1). TambÃm foi avaliado o fotoreator pÃs-tratando Ãgua prÃ-oxidada com cloro e diÃxido de cloro. O fotoreator foi equipado com fontes UV-VÃcuo/UV-C (fotoativando TiO2 imobilizado) e conjunto de eletrodos metÃlicos (7,33 mA.cm-2). Avaliou-se a qualidade da Ãgua tratada, no que se refere à reduÃÃo de concentraÃÃo para os precursores dos organoclorados, principalmente: DQO, Clorofila âaâ e a formaÃÃo dos trihalometanos totais (TTHM) e Ãcidos haloacÃticos totais (AHAT). As anÃlises seguiram as diretrizes do Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Wastewater (APHA, 2005). O fotoreator como alternativa de prÃ-oxidaÃÃo proporcionou melhores resultados mÃdios de remoÃÃo, alcanÃando para turbidez 99,50%, cor aparente 97,5%; clorofila âaâ 98,89% e para DQO a remoÃÃo foi de 65,47%. Enquanto que, com prÃ-oxidaÃÃo quÃmica a remoÃÃo de cor aparente foi de 85,94% e 92,19%, cloro e diÃxido de cloro, respectivamente. Para turbidez o resultado com o uso do cloro foi de 95,57% e 96,23% com diÃxido de cloro. Em termos de DQO a remoÃÃo foi de 37,45% para o cloro e, 49,45% com diÃxido de cloro. Em termos de clorofila a remoÃÃo foi de 91,94% e 94,04%, com o uso do cloro e diÃxido de cloro, respectivamente. Para as concentraÃÃes remanescentes dos TTHM, considerando os algarismos significativos, tal como consta no padrÃo de potabilidade vigente no Brasil, Portaria no 2914 (BRASIL, 2011), com valor mÃximo permissÃvel de 0,1 mg.L-1, todas as condiÃÃes de prÃ-tratamento (fotoreator, cloro e diÃxido de cloro), atenderam a este limite e, estatisticamente nÃo apresentaram diferenÃas significativas entre os valores obtidos. Para a formaÃÃo mÃdia dos AHAT, tambÃm nÃo houve diferenÃas significativas entre os valores obtidos nas diferentes condiÃÃes estudadas, porÃm, todos os valores se apresentaram acima do limite de potabilidade, alcanÃando para Ãguas prÃ-oxidadas com o fotoreator 0,164 mg.L-1, com cloro 0,151 mg.L-1, e para Ãguas prÃ-oxidadas com diÃxido de cloro 0,139 mg.L-1. O emprego do fotoreator pÃs-tratando Ãgua prÃ-oxidada com cloro ou diÃxido de cloro, nÃo apresentou reduÃÃo significativas nas concentraÃÃes de TTHM e AHAT, apresentando-se acima dos limites da Portaria no 2914. / This study evaluated the performance of the heterogeneous photocatalysis combined with electrooxidation compounding a hybrid photoreactor (contact time: 2.75; 5.5 and 11 min.) to pre-treat eutrophic water, comparing the use of chlorine (5 and 10 mg.L-1) and chlorine dioxide (1.2 mg.L-1), subjected to descending direct filtration (aluminum hydroxychloride at 5.4 mg.L-1 and polymer polyDADMAC at 2.0 mg.L-1). It was also evaluated the photoreactor in the post-treatment of water pre-oxidized with chlorine and chlorine dioxide. The photoreactor was equipped with Vacuum-UV sources (photoactivating immobilized TiO2) and set of metal electrodes (7.33 mA.cm-2). The quality of the treated water was analyzed regarding the reduction in concentration of organochlorine precursors, especially COD, chlorophyll-a, and the formation of total trihalomethanes and total haloacetic acids. The analyses followed the guidelines of the Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Wastewater (APHA, 2005). The photoreactor as an alternative for pre-oxidation has promoted the best mean results of removal reaching for turbidity 99.50%, 97.5% for the apparent color, 98.89% for chlorophyll-a, and 65.47% for COD. Meanwhile by using the chemical pre-oxidation, the removal of apparent color was 85.94% and 92.19%, with chlorine and dioxide chlorine, respectively. As regard with turbidity, the result with the use of chlorine was 95.57% and 96.23% with chlorine dioxide. For the COD, the result was 37.45% for chlorine and 49.45% with chlorine dioxide. In relation to chlorophyll, the removal reached 91.94% and 94.04%, with chlorine and dioxide chlorine, respectively. For the remaining concentrations of total trihalomethanes, considering the significant digits as given by the current potability standards in Brazil, Ordinance # 2914 (BRASIL, 2011), with maximum allowable value of 0.1 mg.L-1, all pre-treatment conditions (photoreactor, chlorine and chlorine dioxide) have met this limit, and presented no significant difference between obtained values. As for the average formation of total haloacetic acids, no significant difference was detected between values obtained under different conditions studied, but all values were above the potability limit, reaching for water pre-oxidized with the photoreactor 0.164 mg/L, for water pre-oxidized with chlorine, 0.151 mg/L, and for water pre-oxidized with dioxide chlorine, 0.139 mg/L. The use of the photoreactor in the post-treatment of water pre-oxidized with chlorine or dioxide chlorine has not significantly reduced the concentrations of total trihalomethanes and total haloacetic acids, which were above the limits set by the Ordinance # 2914.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:www.teses.ufc.br:6000 |
| Date | 11 October 2012 |
| Creators | Eliezer Fares Abdala Neto |
| Contributors | Marisete Dantas de Aquino, Francisco SuetÃnio Bastos Mota, Raimundo Oliveira de Souza, Manoel do Vale Sales, GlÃria Maria Marinho Silva Sampaio |
| Publisher | Universidade Federal do CearÃ, Programa de PÃs-GraduaÃÃo em Engenharia Civil, UFC, BR |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Source | reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFC, instname:Universidade Federal do Ceará, instacron:UFC |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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