中國近年來為因應經濟快速發展，除極力追求技術自主與維護中國本土企業利益外，更注重自有知識產權之研發與保護。尤其兩岸地區經貿活動交流之頻繁，臺灣對中國投資方面，2011年一年間，核准對大陸投資件數575件，核准投(增)資金額更高達131億美元，且臺灣企業申請大陸專利件數逾21,600件，在在可見臺灣科技產業大規模佈局中國市場，顯見中國已成為臺灣企業專利爭訟之戰場，深入探討中國現行專利法制自刻不容緩。
2008年中國針對專利法進行第三次修法，嗣於2009年10月1日實施，在新法施行前，原侵犯專利權的賠償數額係按照權利人所受的損失或者侵權人所獲得的利益確定為依據，權利人的損失或侵權人的利益難以確定時，參照該專利許可使用費的倍數合理確定。修正後《專利法》第65條規定賠償數額按照權利人因被侵權所受實際損失確定；實際損失難以確定的，可以按照侵權人因侵權所獲的利益。權利人之損失或侵權人之獲得的利益難以確定的，參照該專利許可使用費的倍數合理確定，並明定法定賠償，將最高人民法院司法解釋規定的法定賠償提高到專利法層次，法定額度從人民幣（下同）5,000元至50萬元提高到1萬元至100萬元，更明確化適用賠償數額之順序。
本文從探討中國新專利法中專利侵權損害賠償制度出發，再透過法學實證研究之方法，檢視修法後，中國人民法院就專利糾紛適用新法之情形，據以觀察不同屬性之專利侵權糾紛與法院判賠金額間之關聯性，探究中國人民法院現行審判實務上判定賠償額之現況，並提出相關修法建議。 / In response to the fast economic growth of recent decades, the Chinese government has begun to contemplate the protection of intellectual property rights and emphasize on pursuing independent technological development. In 2011, Taiwan’s Ministry of Economic Affairs has approved 575 investments in China by Taiwanese enterprises which the total amount has reached to US13.1 billions. The number of patent applications filed by Taiwanese firms reached to 2,100 in the same year. It is therefore foreseeable that China will become a major battlefield for patent disputes between companies from around the world, especially those from Taiwan.
The third round of amendments to the patent law of the P.R.C came into effect. Before this change, the amount of compensation for damages was based on the losses suffered by the right holder or the profits earned through the infringement; if it was difficult to determine the right holder’s loss or the violator’s profit, the amount was assessed by referring to the appropriate multiple of the amount of royalties of that patent under contractual license. Article 65 of the new patent law codifies that the amount of compensation for the damage caused by the infringement of the patent right shall be assessed on the basis of the actual losses suffered by the right holder; if the actual losses are difficult to determine, it may be assessed on the basis of the profits earned through the infringement; if it is difficult to determine either, the amount is assessed by reference to the appropriate multiple of the amount of royalty of that patent under contractual license. In the event that none of these amounts can be fairly ascertained, the court has the discretion to award compensation in the range of RMB 5,000 to 50,000 provided by a Supreme People’s Court judicial interpretation. Article 65 also codifies the statutory damages to between RMB 10,000 and RMB 1,000,000.
This article discusses damage compensation in China’s patent litigation and develops quantitative methodologies by means of empirical study, which includes examinations on 400judgments of patent infringement cases issued by Chinese courts and interviews with scholars and Chinese judges. The research results provide a reference for estimating litigation efficiency, as well as a proposal to corporations for framing patent enforcement strategies in China.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:CHENGCHI/G0096361001 |
| Creators | 陳映蓁 |
| Publisher | 國立政治大學 |
| Source Sets | National Chengchi University Libraries |
| Language | 中文 |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | text |
| Rights | Copyright © nccu library on behalf of the copyright holders |
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