本研究旨呈現繪本在文化工業的運作中，當涉及多元家庭繪本─特別是同性婚姻主題時，成人及幼兒雙方會展現何種相互作用的權力關係。
研究者使用民族誌的研究方法深入田野，記錄成人及幼兒對繪本的想法與行動。本研究關注「產製端」─成人的兒童觀及意識形態如何影響產製行動，以半結構式訪談蒐集產製者的想法；並關心「閱聽端」─幼兒作為主動的閱聽者將如何詮釋文本，以綜合參與式觀察及半結構式訪談來蒐集兒童的行動與言說。透過雙方的回應，探究文化工業中多元的行動樣貌。
主要有四項結論如下：
1.審視社會的集體焦慮：創作者的積極作為與幼兒的主動詮釋
不同於多數焦慮的成人，有一群產製者對閱聽眾如何詮釋文本抱持樂觀態度，運用各式策略開創此類主題「可見的」社會空間。另一方面，過去被認為需要保護的幼兒，談論的內容也遠比成人預想的還要複雜和成熟。當成人願意放下成見，採互為對等的態度與幼兒進行談論時，能夠創造更多可能性，降低社會的集體焦慮。
2.兒童沒有想像中脆弱：詮釋必然發生在脈絡之中
幼兒的詮釋具多種樣態，他們藉由舊經驗發展出柔軟與堅實的視角，在分享歷程中直率地表達自己的想法，也不輕易受他人訊息洗腦，有別於「成人集團」庸人自擾的想像。因為影響幼兒回應的因素複雜，所以詮釋勢必動態展現在脈絡之中，藉由持續討論這些議題，才能構築兒童的詮釋樣貌。
3.以創造機會取代告知：傳遞應避免不平等的再製
產製者不斷強調，成人重要的行動核心是以創造機會取代告知，在行動中尤需留意自身的態度，避免淪為再製不平等的另一種操弄手段。
4.矛盾與率直的拉鋸戰：主動的施為者vs.被動的載體
產製及閱聽兩端真實樣貌與行動的對照，交織出文化工業中的無限活力。文化工業的運作關係應延伸至「主動施為者」與「被動載體」的拉鋸戰，成人群體間的差異會產生不同行動，幼兒也並非永遠是被動的承受者，雙方產生相互的連帶影響。唯有透過認清運作邏輯，才能夠看清產製結構並思考己身的行動。
研究者認為成人及幼兒的相處，最重要的關鍵是回歸雙方的「尊重」。由於過去仍普遍忽略兒童的聲音，因此特別需要學者投入與兒童相關的實證研究。若能增加成人對幼兒的理解，並降低自身的矛盾，相信兩者的互動關係必定能有所轉化，創造更多新的可能性。 / Related to the experience of reading, the power relationship between adults and children is unequal, because generally, children are passively received the information from adults. Adults use their own viewpoints to shape children and make decisions for them.
In the context of the operation of cultural industries, this study wants to understand how the adults produce the childhood images based on their viewpoints, and to explore how the children response to the pre-selected picture books about same-sex marriage. One of the objectives of this research is to point out the logic of production about picture books, especially controversial issues, such as same-sex marriage. The other objective is to remind adults that children’s personal opinions and their original personality should be valued. In particular, children are usually stronger than we think in common sense.
This study uses ethnographic methods, including gathering the natural response from children’s narratives and face-to-face interview with children. In addition, this study also interviews some relevant workers related to picture books production and marketing. The result will show the logic of producing the picture books, and also show the discrepancy between the children’s real reaction and what adults traditionally anticipate, helping adults to set aside their own values and really look at how the young children think.
There are four main findings from this study as follows:
1.Examine the collective anxiety of society:
Different from the anxious adults in the society, those who related to picture books production show positive action. The interpretation made by children is also more complex than adults expected.
2.Children are not fragile as adult's imagination:
The children are stronger and more mature than we expected when it comes to talking about same-sex marriage. The interpretation must take place in the context, because it is built by a number of factors.
3.To create opportunities and not to instill knowledge:
The adults should be aware of actions to avoid making another system of inequality.
4.The “tug-of-war” between contradictory person and straightforward person:
The adults and the children are playing “active giver” and “passive carrier” at the same times, and creating infinite vitality of the operation in the cultural industry.
This study hopes that adults will in turn rethink their social roles, attitudes and methods of education and teaching, by, for example, respecting and listening to children more than prescribing their behavior and thinking. The research aims to provide evidence that kindergarten children are mature enough to learn about homosexuality and to transform Taiwan’s value system to be more open attitude about same-sex marriage.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:CHENGCHI/G1031570021 |
| Creators | 鄭安芸, Jeng, An Yun |
| Publisher | 國立政治大學 |
| Source Sets | National Chengchi University Libraries |
| Language | 中文 |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | text |
| Rights | Copyright © nccu library on behalf of the copyright holders |
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