確保保險公司之清償能力是保險監理單位之首要目標，監理單位使用各種不同的監理制度以確保保險公司的財務體質，並防止保單持有人因為保險公司失去清償能力所遭致之損失。在各種監理制度中，RBC監理制度主要是衡量保險公司的資本適足性並且提供監理單位採取相關監理行動的準則；VaR監理制度則是目前銀行業之監理所嘗試採取的新監理方式，而且VaR也被廣泛運用在銀行內部的風險管理系統中，由銀行監理的發展趨勢看來，可以預期保險監理將來也會以VaR監理制度為主。
本研究的主要目的在於探討VaR監理制度適用在保險監理制度上的可行性以及與現行RBC監理制度的比較。在探討VaR監理制度的可行性前，本研究先就VaR監理制度運用在保險監理的前提以及影響保險公司失去清償能力的原因進行探討。
在瞭解影響保險公司失去清償能力的原因後，本研究分別對於在VaR監理制度下保險公司如何分別針對各種不同的風險因子決定所需持有的資本額度。經過相關文獻的探討以及考慮保險業的行業特性，本研究建議市場風險與核保風險可以用VaR計算其資本額度；信用風險由於尚未有十分完善的量化模型，所以本研究建議應以徵信方式因應此一風險，而業務風險則是以規定一固定比率的資本額度因應之。本研究也建議待保險公司累積足夠的VaR使用經驗後，保險監理制度可以開放使用預先承諾法。
在運用VaR於保險監理上時，本研究也建議監理單位必須注意有關VaR的實行風險與模型風險的影響，同時也強調監理單位的檢核與市場制度的力量是VaR監理制度能夠充分運作的必要條件；此外，由於制度實施的初期，無法驗證模型與資料的可用性，所以仍必須輔以最低固定比率的要求，以確保保險公司的清償能力。
在探討VaR運用在保險監理制度上的可行性後，本研究將進一步比較VaR與現行RBC監理制度的比較。本研究主要是由制度實行的難易程度、衡量資本適足的準確性，以及監理的成本三方面進行比較。制度實行的難易程度主要是比較VaR與RBC制度的複雜度與可行性，以及與公司內部風險管理和全球金融監理趨勢的整合程度。衡量資本適足的準確性主要是比較二種制度何者更可以衡量保險公司所面臨的各種風險、清償能力的效力，以及保險公司投資組合的風險分散效果。至於監理的成本則可分為監理者、保險公司與社會成本三方面來探討。
透過本研究的比較結果發現VaR監理制度除了在制度的複雜度與可行性較RBC制度差以外，其他項目皆優於RBC監理制度。除此之外，VaR與RBC都各自有其監理上的道德風險。本研究建議如同銀行監理一般，保險監理制度應朝向VaR監理制度的趨勢前進，以更可以確保保險公司的清償能力以及投保大眾的權益。 / Assuring insurance company solvency has always been the focal point of insurance regulation. Regulators use various methods to promote insurers' financial strength and protect policyholders from losses due to insolvency. Among these methods, risk-based capital (RBC) is used to measure the insurer's capital adequacy and provide the relative action rule for the regulator, and the VaR (value-at-risk) regulation is new regulatory type the bank regulator attempt to adopt. Besides the regulatory application, VaR is also used in bank's risk management system broadly. We can expect the VaR-type regulation will be the new insurance regulation in the future according to the development of bank's regulation.
The methodology of this study adopt is literature review. The most important purpose of this study is to explore the feasibility of VaR-type insurance regulation and compare the VaR regulation with current RBC regulation. Before the regulation system examination, this study firstly discusses the presupposition of the VaR regulation application and the causes of insurer insolvency.
For the purpose of developing the VaR-type capital requirement in insurance regulation, this study proposes that market and underwriting risk capital requirement can be directly calculated in VaR; credit and business risk capital requirement should be regulated a fixed-rate capital amount. This study also proposes the application of precommitment approach when the regulator assure the insurer accumulate good experience in VaR. In addition, this study also addresses some points for attention of VaR insurance regulation.
The other purpose of this study is to compare the RBC and VaR through the regulatory implementation, solvency measurement, and regulatory cost. The result of this study indicates that VaR is superior to RBC in any aspect, besides the complexity and feasibility. In addition, VaR and RBC both have their own regulatory moral hazard. This study suggests VaR should be used in the insurance regulation as other financial regulation in the future.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:CHENGCHI/A2002001481 |
| Creators | 林姿婷, Lin, Tzy-Ting |
| Publisher | 國立政治大學 |
| Source Sets | National Chengchi University Libraries |
| Language | 中文 |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | text |
| Rights | Copyright © nccu library on behalf of the copyright holders |
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