輪班工作者除了睡眠片段化、睡眠品質降低等困擾外，工作時間的嗜睡與警醒度下降亦是常見問題，這些影響都可能跟輪班造成的內在晝夜節律與輪班工作時間的不一致有關。根據Minors & Waterhouse (1983)提出的定錨睡眠的概念，每天若能有四個小時在固定時間的睡眠，會有穩定內在晝夜節律、減少位移的效果，然而過去研究未曾探討定錨睡眠應用在輪班工作者的效果。因此，本研究的目的在於以模擬輪班的方式，比較採用定錨睡眠者與非定錨睡眠者在模擬輪班工作中的主觀嗜睡度、心理動作警覺度，以及睡眠指標，以探討定錨睡眠對於輪班工作者的睡眠與警覺度的影響，以期有助於輪班工作中的適應。
本研究採混合實驗設計，招募睡眠品質良好的受試者，並排除極端夜貓型或極端早晨型晝夜節律型態者，共包含20名受試者、依據性別配對隨機分派至定錨睡眠與無定錨睡眠組（各7名女性、3名男性，平均年齡24歲）。受試者需進行11天的模擬輪班，進行白班與大夜班的輪班；班表為：2天白班-1天休假-2天大夜班-1天休假-2天白班-1天休假-2天大夜班，受試者在實驗期間均配合配戴活動記錄儀與填寫睡眠日誌，並在第二次輪值的工作時間測量心理動作警覺作業（psychomotor vigilance task，PVT）與史丹福嗜睡度量表（Stanford Sleepiness Scale，SSS）。研究結果以三因子及雙因子變異數分析進行統計考驗。
研究結果發現在PVT的反應時間中位數與疏漏次數上，採用定錨睡眠者在白班至大夜班所增加的反應時間與疏漏次數低於非採用定錨睡眠者，且採用定錨睡眠者在工作時有較低的主觀嗜睡度、持平的主觀警醒度；在睡眠指標上，定錨睡眠組入睡後醒覺時數較短、夜班的主觀睡眠品質較佳。整體來說，研究結果顯示採用定錨睡眠能增進在工作中的心理動作警覺度、降低主觀嗜睡度，並促進睡眠的穩定度及夜班主觀睡眠品質，提供定錨睡眠運用在實際的輪班工作場域的初步證據。 / Sleep fragmentation, poor sleep quality, as well as sleepiness and decreased alertness at work are all common problems in shift workers. It is assumed that these problems are associated with the dyssynchronization of endogenous circadian rhythms and shift-work schedule. According to the concept of anchor sleep proposed by Minors & Waterhouse (1983), consistent sleep for few consecutive days can stabilize endogenous circadian rhythm and prevent the phase shift. However, previous studies have not investigate the effect of anchor sleep in shift workers . The current study used an experiment-manipulated shift work schedule to explore the effects of anchor sleep on sleep, sleepiness and psychomotor vigilance at work in a simulated shift work, in order to evaluate the possibility of applying anchor sleep in the assistance of adaption to shift work.
Twenty participants with good sleep quality, intermediate types of morning-eveningness, were divided according to gender and randomly assigned to an anchor-group and a non-anchor-sleep control group (7 females and 3 males in each group, mean age 24). They were required to follow an eleven-day schedule that simulate the schedule of shift work. The subjects were required to wear actigraphy and keep sleep logs throughout the experimental period and their psychomotor vigilance and subjective sleepiness at the second work shifts were measured with psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) and Stanford Sleepiness Scale (SSS). The data was analyzed using three-way and two-way ANOVA.
The data showed that PVT median reaction time and the number of lapses increased less from day-shift to night-shift in anchor sleeper, the anchor sleeper also had lower sleepiness, and more steady subjective alertness during the working time. Also, they had better subjective sleep quality in night-shift and shorter wake after sleep onset time than the control subjects.
The findings of the current study suggest that anchor sleep can reduce the deterioration of subjective sleepiness and vigilance at work in shift workers, and maintain the sleep quality in night-shift. It provides preliminary evidence that support the use of anchor sleep in the assistance of the adjustment of shift work.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:CHENGCHI/G0099752022 |
| Creators | 張凱琪, Chang, Kai Chi |
| Publisher | 國立政治大學 |
| Source Sets | National Chengchi University Libraries |
| Language | 中文 |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | text |
| Rights | Copyright © nccu library on behalf of the copyright holders |
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