1933年(昭和8年)日本因全球經濟大蕭條引發「昭和農業恐慌」，加上帝國內部米穀供應嚴重過剩，米價大幅滑落，促使日本政府加強米榖方面的各項統制措施。本文試圖由1933年開始至1945年日本戰敗為止，日本政府為因應米穀供應過剩或者不足所採取的各項統制措施，及其對殖民地臺灣所產生的影響。日本政府實施之米穀統制政策，對臺灣米穀生產造成影響者，如1933年實施的「米穀統制法」、1936年的「米穀自治管理法」、1939年於臺灣內部實施的「臺灣米穀移出管理令」、1942年7月1日施行的「食糧管理法臺灣施行令」、1943年底的「臺灣食糧管理令」、還有1944年年中推行的「米穀增產及供出獎勵相關特別措施」等。由這些米穀統制法令及措施，可以了解日本的臺灣總督府用盡一切方法，就是為了使其最重要的民生主食「稻米」的生產及供應，能達到「自給自足」的目標。臺灣，作為日本殖民帝國下的一員，為配合帝國整體米穀供需穩定，對於「看天吃飯」的米穀生產，悲願地追求其自足目標。臺灣蓬萊米生產的擴大與臺日米價間的互動，連帶影響臺灣糖價及其他農作物的生產，並可藉此了解日本與臺灣之間，因稻米生產而衍生出的統制生產架構。 / In 1933, the world economic recession (the Great Depression) caused the imperial Japan into the so called 「Showa Agricultural Panic」 and made the imperial internal rice supply overwhelmingly surplus. Those made the price of rice in Japan at that time fallen considerably, prompting the Japanese government to strengthen the rice control policies.This article, from 1933 to 1945, tries to explain the impacts of the Japanese government's various rice control policies which responded to the rice oversupply or insufficient upon the colonial Taiwan. The rice control policies Japanese government implemented made great influence upon Taiwan's rice production, such as in 1933, the enactment of the "Rice Control Law" ; in 1936, the enactment of the " Rice Self-management Law " ; in 1939, only in Taiwan enacted, the" Taiwan Rice Shipment Administration Order " ; in July 1 1942," The Staple Food Control Act's Taiwan Enforcement Order ” ; the end of 1943, “ Taiwan's Staple Food Control Administration Order ”; and promulgated in mid-1944 “Special Measures on Enhancing Rice Production and Awarding Shipment ",etc.Through those rice control laws and measures, we can understand the Japanese rulers exhausted to make people's livelihood, the production and supply of the most important staple food "rice", could achieve the goal of “self-sufficiency ".Taiwan, as one part of the Japanese colonial Empire, had to cooperate with the whole Empire’s rice supply and demand as stable as possible. Regarding the rice production which depends on the weather, Taiwan like Japan vows to pursue the goal of “self-sufficiency” with the earnest wish. The expansion of production of the Taiwan Formosan rice (Penglai rice) and the interaction of rice prices between the Taiwan and Japan influenced the Taiwan's sugar price and the production of other crops. Therefore, we can understand the control production structure caused by the rice production between Japan and Taiwan.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:CHENGCHI/G0096556003 |
| Creators | 張志明, Chang, Chih Ming |
| Publisher | 國立政治大學 |
| Source Sets | National Chengchi University Libraries |
| Language | 中文 |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | text |
| Rights | Copyright © nccu library on behalf of the copyright holders |
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