研究目的：再評估策略在清醒時是廣為使用且能夠有效降低負向情緒的方法之一。若個人在睡前使用，應預期也能降低情緒而促進入睡。然而，調查研究卻發現睡前使用再評估策略的習慣與入睡歷程未有預期的正向關連。研究者回顧發現，再評估策略可能包含了各種不同性質的次分類，高控制性的再評估策略可能會導致過度激發狀態，影響入睡。本研究目的即在於比較控制性高（改變對當下情境的詮釋）與低（接受）的再評估策略，讓兩組受試者在使用不同策略後嘗試入睡，並詢問其入睡歷程下的主觀入睡經驗。預期高控制再評估策略會導致受試者較高的認知激發狀態，而在階段二睡眠喚醒後有較多人自陳仍有思考活動，較少人自認已經睡著，以釐清入睡前使用不同次分類再評估策略所造成的控制性認知活動，可能對入睡歷程帶來的影響。
研究方法：本研究共招募26名受試者，並隨機分派至接受組（13人，7位男性，6位女性，平均年齡23.6歲）與對當下情境詮釋組（13人，男性6位，女性7位，平均年齡24.9歲）。受試者皆須依序經過中性情境以及情緒誘發情境兩個夜晚。在情緒誘發情境下，主試者會對其表現給予負向回饋以引發情緒，接著依不同組別要求受試者在睡前使用不同再評估策略來調適情緒，隨後嘗試入睡。同時，主試者會在睡前測量受試者的認知激發狀態，並於進入階段二睡眠後，即時喚醒詢問其入睡歷程意識經驗，包含主觀入睡知覺（自評睡著與否）、思考活動（是否仍有思考）等。
研究結果：本研究結果顯示，睡前使用高控制性策略，的確造成較高的入睡前控制活動，形成較高認知激發狀態，影響入睡歷程。在階段二睡眠喚醒後，使用較高控制性策略的組別也較另一組有較高比例報告仍在思考，覺得自己尚未睡著，並低估自己有睡著的時間。
結論：本研究探討控制性不同的再評估策略對主客觀入睡歷程的影響。研究結果支持高控制性策略會造成認知激發狀態，並使受試者在客觀定義入睡喚醒後，仍有較多的思考活動與較少的入睡知覺，同時較低估自己有睡著的時間，顯示入睡前較高的控制性認知活動，的確可能影響受試者的入睡歷程。這支持了先前研究對再評估策略並非單一構念的假設，未來研究再評估策略時，須考慮其次分類才能有全面性的了解。最後，對照過去研究，睡前使用再評估策略的習慣與入睡歷程未有預期的正向關連，可能是與未考慮控制性有關。 / Objective: Reappraisal was found to be effective to decrease negative emotion, thus is considered to be an useful strategy for emotion regulation, because it was (Gross, 1998; 2001). Since negative emotion is associated with sleep disruption, reappraisal is supposed to facilitate sleep-onset. Nevertheless, previous study did not support this point of view (Harvey, 2001; Ree et al., 2005). There was a negative association reported between use of reappraisal and sleep quality in insomnia patients. Researchers have identified different types of reappraisal strategies (McRae et al., 2011) with different levels of controlling cognitive activity. The unexpected association between reappraisal and sleep might be due to the impact of increased level of cognitive activity associated with reappraisal. This study aims to compare the effects of two types of reappraisal strategies, change thought (high cognitive activity) and accept feelings (low cognitive activity), on sleep onset process.
Methods: Twenty six participants were recruited for this study, randomized to one of two groups (Acceptance group: N=13, average age=23.6 years; Change group: N=13, average age=24.9 years). Each participant will go through two nights of sleep recording at the sleep lab. The first night was baseline condition; the second night was experimental condition. After the emotion induction, the experimenter instructed the participants to use different reappraisal strategies to regulate their emotion, and then asked them to try to fall sleep in the experimental night. The experimenter woke up participants after 5-min after the start of stage 2 sleep, and asked their subjective experience right before waking up, including sleep perception (sleep or not) and thinking experience.
Results: As expected, the Change group had higher controlling cognitive activity and arousal level than the Acceptance group before going to bed. Then, after waking up participants on stable stage 2 sleep, the Change group had higher thinking experience, lower sleep perception and underestimated sleep time than Acceptance group.
Conclusions: The findings of this research show that high controlling activity reappraisal could have a negative impact on sleep-onset period than low controlling activity reappraisal. The result supports our hypothesis that controlling cognitive activity can increase pre-sleep arousal level that further increase cognitive activity during sleep-onset period and decrease the perception of sleep.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:CHENGCHI/G0098752002 |
| Creators | 蘇偉誠, Su, Wei Cheng |
| Publisher | 國立政治大學 |
| Source Sets | National Chengchi University Libraries |
| Language | 中文 |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | text |
| Rights | Copyright © nccu library on behalf of the copyright holders |
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