The history of chromatography is described from Tswett's first experiments at the turn of the century to the sophistication of modern high performance liquid chromatography. The renaissance of liquid chromatography in the late sixties as a result of the development of chromatographic theory is discussed. The thermodynamics of the chromatographic process are outlined. Brief descriptions of the techniques of adsorption chromatography, liquid/liquid partition chromatography, ion-exchange chromatography, gel permeation chromatography and ion-pair chromatography are given. The development of theories of peak dispersion is discussed. The 'random walk' model of peak dispersion, developed by Giddings is outlined with particular emphasis on the isolation of three independently contributing terms to the overall peak dispersion. Studies of the variation in performance of Spherisorb alumina as a function of p^Lcking technique and column geometry are reported. The variation in performance with column geometry is related to the infinite diameter effect introduced by Knox and Parcher. The separation of aromatic sulphonic acids is reported using a novel form of ion-pair chromatography in which the hexadecyl-trimethylammonium ion is employed. Ion-pair chromatography was performed using two chromatographic supports: Partisil, an irregular porous silica and SAS, a chemically bonded stationary phase material produced by the Wolfson Liquid Chromatography Unit. Separations of some commercially important sulphonated food dyes and their intermediates are presented. A new equation is presented which relates the analysis time required for a separation in terms of the available pressure, the resolution required, the quality of the packing and to the properties of the solute and effluent. This equation is used to quantify the advantages of using very small particles in H.P.L.C. and this is illustrated by an experimental study of the effect of particle diameter on the efficiencies of columns packed with 6, 7.5, 10 and 20 micron Spherisorb alumina.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:bl.uk/oai:ethos.bl.uk:653621 |
| Date | January 1978 |
| Creators | Laird, George R. |
| Publisher | University of Edinburgh |
| Source Sets | Ethos UK |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Electronic Thesis or Dissertation |
| Source | http://hdl.handle.net/1842/15192 |
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