The International Collaborative Study of Macronutrients, Micronutrients and Blood Pressure (INTERMAP) is a cross-sectional study investigating the role of macronutrients in blood pressure (BP). Data included four 24-hour dietary recalls; two 24-hour urine collections; eight BP readings; and questionnaire data for 4,680 men and women aged 40-59 years from 17 population samples in four countries (Japan, People's Republic of China, United Kingdo'm [UK], and United States of America [USA]). Aims were to (1) test the hypothesis that there ,. a direct relation of dietary starch intake to the systolic and diastolic BP of individuals; (2) explore associations of total carbohydrate (CHO) and subfractions with BP; (3) calculate dietary glycaemic index (GI) and glycaemic load (GL) for participants; and (4) explore associations of dietary GI and GL with BP. In multiple regression analyses, starch, total CHO, galactose and lactose intakes (% total energy, intake [TEl]) were inversely related to BP. Adjusting for non-dietary factors, sodium/potassium excretion and alcohol intake, the difference in systolic BP associated with 14.1% TEl (2 standard deviations) higher intake of starch was -1.2 (95% confidence intervals -2.2, -0.3) mmHg, while 16.3% higher total CHO intake was associated with a -1.3 (-2.2, :-0.3) mmHg difference. Among, UK and USA participants, 0.2% TEl higher galactose intake was associated with a -1.6 (-2.6, -0.6) mmHgdifference in systolic BP, while 3.6% TEl higher lactose intake was associated with a -1.9 (-3.0, -0.8) mmHg difference. Dietary GI and GL values were estimated for UK and Japanese participants, but were not associated with BP in regression analyses adjusted for multiple confounders. Low-order inverse associations between starch, total CHO, galactose, lactose and BP were observed. More research is needed from animal models, population studies, and randomised trials to determine if CHO intake has a role in the prevention and control of high BP.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:bl.uk/oai:ethos.bl.uk:443830 |
| Date | January 2008 |
| Creators | Brown, Ian James |
| Publisher | Imperial College London |
| Source Sets | Ethos UK |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Electronic Thesis or Dissertation |
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