Background: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a major public health concern. There are limited recent national-level population-based epidemiological data on AMI in England. As a result, the current burden of disease is difficult to quantify. Aim: This thesis addresses gaps in knowledge on AMI in England. It aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of AMI epidemiology over the last decade. Methods: This is a population-based study using person-linked routine hospital and mortality data for England for the period from 1 April 1998 to 31 March 2008. Main outcome measures include: trends in event rate, case fatality, and mortality for AMI, as well as trends in characteristics of, and hospital care for, the AMI patient population between 1999 and 2007; rates of occurrence and case fatality for first and recurrent AMI in 2007; and five-year survival and risk of a second AMI for 2003 to 2007. Results: Total age-standardised AMI mortality rate fell by around half, while the age-standardised event rate and case fatality rate each declined by around one third between 1999 and 2007. Approximately half of the decline in AMI mortality was attributed to a decline in event rate and half to improved survival. During the 2000s, the hospitalised AMI patient population became increasingly elderly, presented with more comorbidities, underwent more revascularisation procedures, and spent less time in hospital. In 2007, approximately 90,000 AMIs occurred in England, of which around one third were fatal, one in seven were reinfarctions, and three quarters were AMIs in those aged 65 years and older. Among 30-day survivors of a first AMI, around one in three men and one in four women died within five years, and about one in eight men and one in six women experienced a second AMI in the same time period. Conclusions: There have been substantial improvements in AMI occurrence, survival, and mortality over the last decade in England. This was driven by improvements in prevention and acute medical treatment. The results in this thesis emphasise the importance of both.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:bl.uk/oai:ethos.bl.uk:558405 |
| Date | January 2011 |
| Creators | Smolina, Ekaterina |
| Contributors | Goldacre, Michael John ; Rayner, Mike ; Wright, Frances Lucy |
| Publisher | University of Oxford |
| Source Sets | Ethos UK |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Electronic Thesis or Dissertation |
| Source | http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:791b416e-140e-4ced-9703-76d76895e9f8 |
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