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Previous issue date: 2016-01-18 / Introdu??o: O treinamento muscular inspirat?rio (TMI) tem sido considerado uma op??o na revers?o ou preven??o da diminui??o da for?a dos m?sculos respirat?rios, no entanto, pouco se sabe sobre as adapta??es desses m?sculos decorrentes do treinamento com carga. Objetivos: Investigar o efeito do TMI sobre a adapta??o neural e estrutural do m?sculo diafragma, em jovens sedent?rios, comparar os efeitos do TMI de intensidade leve com os do TMI de intensidade moderada sobre a espessura, mobilidade e atividade el?trica do diafragma e na for?a dos m?sculos inspirat?rios e estabelecer um protocolo para a realiza??o de uma revis?o sistem?tica com a finalidade de avaliar os efeitos do treinamento muscular respirat?rio em crian?as e adultos com doen?as neuromusculares. Materiais e M?todos: Ensaio cl?nico controlado, randomizado e duplo-cego, com uma amostra de 28 adultos jovens, saud?veis e sedent?rios, divididos em dois grupos: treinamento com carga leve (G10%) e treinamento com carga moderada (G55%). Os volunt?rios realizaram, durante 9 semanas, um protocolo de TMI domiciliar, com o POWERbreathe?. O G55% treinou com carga de 55% press?o inspirat?ria m?xima (PIm?x) e o G10% utilizou uma carga de 10% da PIm?x. O treinamento foi realizado em sess?es de 30 repeti??es, duas vezes/dia, seis dias/semana. A cada duas semanas foi avaliada a PIm?x e reajustada a carga. A amostra foi submetida, antes e ap?s o TMI, ? avalia??o atrav?s de ultrassonografia, eletromiografia de superf?cie, espirometria e manovacuometria. Os dados foram analisados pelo SPSS 20.0, foram realizados o Teste t-Student para amostras pareadas para comparar espessura diafragm?tica, PIm?x e PEm?x antes e ap?s o protocolo de TMI e Wilcoxon para comparar os valores de RMS e frequ?ncia mediana (Fmed) tamb?m antes e ap?s protocolo de treinamento. Em seguida, foram realizados o Teste t-Student para amostras independentes para comparar mobilidade e espessura diafragm?tica, PIm?x e PEm?x entre os dois grupos e o teste de Mann-Whitney para comparar os valores de RMS e Fmed tamb?m entre os dois grupos. Paralelamente ao estudo experimental, foi desenvolvido um protocolo com apoio da Colabora??o Cochrane sobre TMI em pessoas com doen?as neuromusculares. Resultados: Houve, nos dois grupos, aumento da for?a muscular inspirat?ria (P<0,05) e expirat?ria no G10% (P=0,009), aumento no RMS e espessura do m?sculo relaxado no G55% (P=0,005; P=0,026) e n?o houve altera??o na FMed (P>0,05). A compara??o entre os dois grupos demonstrou diferen?a no valor RMS (P=0,04) e n?o apresentou diferen?a na espessura e mobilidade do diafragma e for?a dos m?sculos respirat?rios. Conclus?es: Foi identificado aumento da atividade neural e da estrutura diagram?tica, com consequente aumento da for?a muscular respirat?ria, ap?s o TMI com carga moderada. Dessa forma, a adapta??o da musculatura respirat?ria ao treinamento com carga moderada ocorre de forma mais acelerada que a adapta??o do m?sculo perif?rico ao treinamento. TMI com carga de 10% da PIm?x n?o pode ser considerado como dose placebo, pois aumenta a for?a muscular inspirat?ria e TMI com intensidade moderada ? capaz de potencializar o recrutamento de fibras musculares do diafragma e promover sua hipertrofia. O protocolo para realiza??o da Revis?o Sistem?tica foi publicado na The Cochrane Library. / Background: The inspiratory muscle training (IMT) has been considered an option in reversing or preventing decrease in respiratory muscle strength, however, little is known about the adaptations of these muscles arising from the training with charge. Objectives: To investigate the effect of IMT on the diaphragmatic muscle strength and function neural and structural adjustment of diaphragm in sedentary young people, compare the effects of low intensity IMT with moderate intensity IMT on the thickness, mobility and electrical activity of diaphragm and in inspiratory muscles strength and establish a protocol for conducting a systematic review to evaluate the effects of respiratory muscle training in children and adults with neuromuscular diseases. Materials and Methods: A randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, controlled trial, sample of 28 healthy, both sexes, and sedentary young people, divided into two groups: 14 in the low load training group (G10%) and 14 in the moderate load training group (G55%). The volunteers performed for 9 weeks a home IMT protocol with POWERbreathe?. The G55% trained with 55% of maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and the G10% used a charge of 10% of MIP. The training was conducted in sessions of 30 repetitions, twice a day, six days per week. Every two weeks was evaluated MIP and adjusted the load. Volunteers were submitted by ultrasound, surface electromyography, spirometry and manometer before and after IMT. Data were analyzed by SPSS 20.0. Were performed Student's t-test for paired samples to compare diaphragmatic thickness, MIP and MEP before and after IMT protocol and Wilcoxon to compare the RMS (root mean square) and median frequency (MedF) values also before and after training protocol. They were then performed the Student t test for independent samples to compare mobility and diaphragm thickness, MIP and MEP between two groups and the Mann-Whitney test to compare the RMS and MedF values also between the two groups. Parallel to experimental study, we developed a protocol with support from the Cochrane Collaboration on IMT in people with neuromuscular diseases. Results: There was, in both groups, increased inspiratory muscle strength (P <0.05) and expiratory in G10% (P = 0.009) increase in RMS and thickness of relaxed muscle in G55% (P = 0.005; P = 0.026) and there was no change in the MedF (P> 0.05). The comparison between two groups showed a difference in RMS (P = 0.04) and no difference in diaphragm thickness and diaphragm mobility and respiratory muscle strength. Conclusions: It was identified increased neural activity and diagrammatic structure with consequent increase in respiratory muscle strength after the IMT with moderate load. IMT with load of 10% of MIP cannot be considered as a placebo dose, it increases the inspiratory muscle strength and IMT with moderate intensity is able to enhance the recruitment of muscle fibers of diaphragm and promote their hypertrophy. The protocol for carrying out the systematic review published in The Cochrane Library.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:repositorio.ufrn.br:123456789/21275 |
| Date | 18 January 2016 |
| Creators | Pedrosa, Rafaela |
| Contributors | 21268843334, http://lattes.cnpq.br/4934425482168899, Nogueira, Patricia Angelica de Miranda Silva, 02545172421, http://lattes.cnpq.br/1788918737416095, Campos, Shirley Lima, 00780302427, http://lattes.cnpq.br/3095741580780287, Buarque, Ticiana Leal Leite, 03495601457, Vieira, Wouber Herickson de Brito, 97028169472, http://lattes.cnpq.br/7943769688281372, Ferreira, Gardenia Maria Holanda |
| Publisher | Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, PROGRAMA DE P?S-GRADUA??O EM FISIOTERAPIA, UFRN, Brasil |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
| Source | reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFRN, instname:Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, instacron:UFRN |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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