Ammonia emission from animal feeding operations has potential negative impacts on the environment and public health and it also reduces the nutrient value of animal waste. When conditions are not suitable for land application, broiler cake (or litter) may be stored in stockpiles which may contribute to ammonia emission. In this study, summer and winter ammonia emission factors from broiler cake stockpiles stored in a naturally ventilated shed were developed. The lab experiment measured relative ammonia emissions as affected by type of cover and depth of cake. Scrubbers were used to measure ammonia concentration both in the field and lab studies. In the field, the integrated horizontal flux (IHF) method and Fickâs law of diffusion were used to determine ammonia emissions due to forced and natural convections, respectively. The ammonia emission due to natural convection was <0.01% of total emission. However, it may be necessary to calculate emissions based on concentrations measured only during conditions of forced convection. In summer, the estimated total ammonia-N loss was 0.8 % of total N. In winter, the total ammonia loss was 1.4 % of total N during the first 7 d and 2.5 % for the whole 15-d period. The estimated average daily ammonia emission factor in summer (7 d) was 24.5 g NH3-N/m3-d of cake or 7.0 g NH3-N/AU (500 kg LW)-d. The estimated daily ammonia emission factor for the first 7 d in winter was 35.6 g NH3-N/m3âd or 42.5 g NH3-N/AU-d. The total ammonia lost during the 15-d winter study was 33.8 g NH3-N/m3-d or 40.2 g NH3-N/ AU-d. Ammonia losses from the tarp covered cake were significantly lower than the control and double depth treatments by 45% and 49%, respectively, at the end of study. Ammonia losses (g/m3) are lower from stockpiles with lower surface area per unit volume.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:NCSU/oai:NCSU:etd-07092009-095204 |
| Date | 10 August 2009 |
| Creators | Yao, Haiyan |
| Contributors | Dan H. Willits, Philip W. Westerman, Jason A. Osborne, Sanjay B. Shah, Wayne P. Robarge, Lingjuan Wang |
| Publisher | NCSU |
| Source Sets | North Carolina State University |
| Language | English |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | text |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Source | http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-07092009-095204/ |
| Rights | unrestricted, I hereby certify that, if appropriate, I have obtained and attached hereto a written permission statement from the owner(s) of each third party copyrighted matter to be included in my thesis, dis sertation, or project report, allowing distribution as specified below. I certify that the version I submitted is the same as that approved by my advisory committee. I hereby grant to NC State University or its agents the non-exclusive license to archive and make accessible, under the conditions specified below, my thesis, dissertation, or project report in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known. I retain all other ownership rights to the copyright of the thesis, dissertation or project report. I also retain the right to use in future works (such as articles or books) all or part of this thesis, dissertation, or project report. |
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