This is the first doctoral level Ainu study outside Japan from an indigenous perspective,
and the first academic Ainu study ever from a female perspective.
This study examines the indigenous history and shamanism of northern Japan, Hokkaido
andTsugaru, in the context of the Ainu culture complex. Tsugaru was the last
autonomous stronghold of the Ainu people in Honshu, remaining largely independent
until it came under the control of the Japanese state, the Edo government, in the seventeenth
century. Tsugaru has developed a distinct hybrid culture as a result of gradual
mtermixing with non-indigenous populations, though an Ainu consciousness has never
completely died out in the region.
A comparison between Hokkaido Ainu shamanism and Tsugaru shamanism reveals
the relative recentness of their contemporary characteristics, their shared roots prior to
the Edo period, as well as changes in gender roles and aspects of gender inequity. In
both traditions, shamanism has been transmitted primarily by the female population,
and in the past, indigenous women played an essential role in maintaining social and
spiritual integrity. The centrality of women came to manifest itself differently in the two
regions, due mainly to differing socio-historical circumstances which transformed two
originally similar cultures into divergent forms.
This study questions the stereotypical ethnic opposition between the Ainu and the
"Japanese," and sheds light on the intricate relationship among the Ainu and other indigenous
groups in northern Japan. It also questions the powerful Ainu male myth and narratives
which shaped much of the Ainu's cultural revival movement in the past century.
Firthermore, by revealing a significant level of shared spiritual beliefs and practices
between the past and present inhabitants of the Japanese archepelago of Japan and the
traditional peoples of Northeast Asia and byond the Bering Strait, the study will point to
a need for both Ainu study and Japanese study to be placed within the larger cultural
domain, namely, the northern circumpacific region.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:LACETR/oai:collectionscanada.gc.ca:BVAU.2429/11359 |
| Date | 05 1900 |
| Creators | Tanaka, Sakurako (Sherry) |
| Source Sets | Library and Archives Canada ETDs Repository / Centre d'archives des thèses électroniques de Bibliothèque et Archives Canada |
| Language | English |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Electronic Thesis or Dissertation |
| Relation | UBC Retrospective Theses Digitization Project [http://www.library.ubc.ca/archives/retro_theses/] |
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