A SNS junction made of two superconducting (S) electrodes separated by a normal (N) metal carries a non-dissipative current whose amplitude depends on the phase difference between the superconductors. The equilibrium properties of this system have been recently explored and are now well understood. The dynamics is still an open question: how does the current-phase relation evolves with a high-frequency phase modulation? What are the mechanisms and characteristic times that govern this evolution?To probe the dynamics of Andreev states, we measured the response of a phase($ \varphi $)-biased NS ring. The current response at frequencies $ f $ ranging from 200 MHz up to 14 GHz yields the magnetic susceptibility $ \chi(\varphi,f) $ whose real part $ \chi' $ gives the the non-dissipative response while the imaginary part $ \chi'' $ reveals the dissipation. Susceptibility is accessed by the modification of a superconducting resonator coupled to the NS ring.As expected, $ \chi' $ is simply the phase derivative of the supercurrent at low frequency, thus revealing the current-phase relation. More strikingly, we observed the emergence of two contributions at high-frequency. The first one is related to the relaxation of populations driven out-of-equilibrium by the excitation. It is associated with supercurrent noise. The second one corresponds to induced transitions. According to our analysis of the experiment, its phase dependence is accounting for by taking into account selection rules. It should also allows to perform the minigap spectroscopy. These results show that such finite frequency measurements reveal properties of SNS junctions that can not be accessed by standard transport experiments.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:CCSD/oai:tel.archives-ouvertes.fr:tel-01011558 |
| Date | 13 January 2014 |
| Creators | Dassonneville, Bastien |
| Publisher | Université Paris Sud - Paris XI |
| Source Sets | CCSD theses-EN-ligne, France |
| Language | English |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | PhD thesis |
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