BRUNETTA, D. M. Prevalência e fatores de risco para hemólise imune nos pacientes submetidos a transplante hepático. 2016. 133 f. Tese (Doutorado em Cirurgia) - Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2016. / Submitted by Erika Fernandes (erikaleitefernandes@gmail.com) on 2017-03-16T11:50:36Z
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Previous issue date: 2016-12-09 / Liver transplant (LT) anemia is multifactorial. Immune hemolysis occurs due to auto-antibodies, drug induced or not, or due to allo-antibodies, formed by transfusion or passenger lymphocyte syndrome (PLS). The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors for immune hemolysis in LT. Between September 2014 and April 2016, 175 patients submitted to 178 LT were included. Multi-organ recipients were excluded. Samples from before, seven consecutive days and weekly for four weeks were analyzed for complete blood cound, reticulocyte count, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), indirect bilirrubin (IB) and imummohematological tests. SPSS 24 was used for statistical analysis, p<0.05 was considered significant. The mean age was 52.1 ± 14.6 years old, with 105 male patients (60%). The most frequent causes of cirrhosis were hepatitis C virus (HCV, 59 – 33.7%) and alcohol (44 – 25.1%). Anemia before LT was present in 140 patients (74.2%), with lower hemoglobin (Hb) concentration in those with positive direct antiglobulin test (DAT, p=0.014). Nine patients (5.1%) presented positive antibody screen (AS) before transplant, with 2.3% of clinical significance. This finding was more frequent in RhD negative patients (p=0.017). Positive DAT occurred in 53 patients (30.3%) and was related to high MELD score (p=0,048), HCV (p=0.005) and furosemide use (p=0.001). These patients presented higher levels of IB (p<0.001). Ninety six patients (55%) were transfused in the studied period. One hundred and fourty five patients (87.8%) were still anemic on the fourth week. Twenty two patients (12.5%) presented positive AS after LT, with nine patients (5.7%) presenting clinically significant antibodies. Positive AS occurred more frequently in RhD negative (p=0.021) and in those transfused with red blood cells units (RBCU, p=0.022). Sixteen patients received grafts with minor ABO incompatibility. Post-transplant positive DAT was associated with higher levels of LDH (p=0.006), piperacillin-tazobactam use (p=0.021) and was more frequent in the non identical ABO group (p=0.0038). In this group, five of eleven positive DAT patients presented anti-A (2) or anti-B (3) on the eluate, representing PLS. All PLS patients received liver graft O and were using mycofenolate, tacrolimus and steroids. Four patients presented hemolysis and three were transfused due to PLS. These patients, compared to all the other patients, presented lower Hb concentration (p=0.043) and higher LDH levels (p=0.008) and reticulocyte counts (p=0.008). The presence of auto and allo-antibodies against red blood cell antigens is frequent in LT, but clinical significant hemolysis occurred in only 2.8%. Antibodies are more frequent in patients with higher MELD scores, with HCV, in use of pre-transplant furosemide, in those transfused patients with RBCU, RhD negative and piperacillin-tazobactam use after LT. The only risk factor for PLS is minor ABO mismatch between donor and recipient. / Anemia no transplante hepático (TH) é multifatorial. Hemólise imune ocorre por autoanticorpos, com ou sem relação com drogas, ou aloanticorpos, formados por transfusão ou síndrome do linfócito passageiro (SLP). O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a prevalência e fatores de risco para hemólise imune no TH. Foram incluídos, entre setembro de 2014 e abril de 2016,175 pacientes submetidos a 178 TH, sendo excluídos transplantes de múltiplos órgãos. Amostras pré-TH, de 7 dias consecutivos e semanalmente até 4 semanas foram avaliadas com hemograma, reticulócitos, lactato desidrogenase (LDH), bilirrubina indireta (BI) e testes imuno-hematológicos. SPSS 24 foi usado para estatística, com p<0,05 significante. A idade média foi de 52,1 ± 14,6 anos, com 105 homens (60%). As etiologias mais frequentes da cirrose foram vírus da hepatite C (VHC, 59 - 33,7%) e álcool (44 - 25,1%). Anemia pré-transplante estava presente em 140 pacientes (74,2%), com menores concentrações de hemoglobina (Hb) naqueles com teste direto da antiglobulina (TAD) positivo (p=0,014). Nove pacientes (5,1%) apresentaram pesquisa de anticorpos irregulares (PAI) positiva pré-TH, sendo 2,3% clinicamente significantes. Esse achado foi mais frequente em RhD negativo (p=0,017). TAD positivo pré-TH ocorreu em 53 pacientes (30,3%), com relação com escore MELD elevado (p=0,048), VHC (p=0,005) e uso de furosemida (p=0,001). Esses pacientes apresentaram BI mais elevada (p<0,001). Noventa e seis pacientes (55%) receberam hemocomponentes no período estudo. Cento e quarenta e cinco pacientes (87,8%) ainda estavam anêmicos na 4a semana. Vinte e dois pacientes (12,5%) apresentaram PAI positiva pós-TH, sendo nove pacientes (5,7%) com anticorpos clinicamente significantes. PAI positiva foi mais frequente em RhD negativo (p=0,021) e nos transfundidos com concentrado de hemácias (CH - p=0,022). Dezesseis pacientes receberam enxerto ABO não idêntico. TAD positivo pós-TH esteve associado a aumento de LDH (p=0,006), uso de piperacilina-tazobactam (p=0,021) e foi mais frequente no grupo ABO não idêntico (p=0,0038). Nesse grupo, cinco dos 11 com TAD positivo apresentaram eluato com anti-A (02) ou anti-B (03), configurando SLP. Todos receberam fígado O e estavam em uso de micofenolato, tacrolimus e corticoide. Quatro apresentaram hemólise e três foram transfundidos pela SLP. Esses pacientes, quando comparados aos demais, apresentaram Hb menor (p=0,043) e LDH (p=0,008) e reticulócitos (p=0,008) maiores. A presença de auto e aloanticorpos contra antígenos eritrocitários é frequente no TH, porém hemólise clinicamente manifesta ocorreu em apenas 2,8%. A presença de anticorpos é mais frequente em pacientes com escore MELD mais elevado, com VHC, que utilizam furosemida pré-transplante, naqueles transfundidos com CH, RhD negativo e que utilizam piperacilina-tazobactam pós-transplante. O único fator de risco para o desenvolvimento de SLP encontrado é a incompatibilidade ABO menor entre doador e receptor.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:www.repositorio.ufc.br:riufc/22213 |
| Date | 09 December 2016 |
| Creators | Brunetta, Denise Menezes |
| Contributors | Garcia , José Huygens Parente |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
| Source | reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, instname:Universidade Federal do Ceará, instacron:UFC |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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